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Introduction to Animal Science > Sheep and Goats > Flashcards

Sheep and Goats Flashcards

1
Q

What is a group of sheep called?

A

a flock

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2
Q

Why are sheep among the earliest domesticated animals?

A

products, small size, highly gregarious, ease of handling, adapted to a variety of climates

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3
Q

What products do sheep produce?

A

meat, milk, wool, leather, lanolin

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4
Q

What is lanolin?

A

oil that is extracted from the wool, but comes from the skin

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5
Q

What does highly gregarious mean?

A

like to be in groups, are sociable

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6
Q

How are sheep adapted to a variety of climates?

A

there are sheep that live in cold and warm climates, and in the mountains

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7
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of hair coat?

A

wool (some hair breeds) vs hair

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8
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of tails?

A

tail down (often docked) vs up

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9
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of horns?

A

broad curling horns vs narrow curving

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10
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of upper lip?

A

separate lobes vs continuous

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11
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of diet?

A

–grazing diet (more limited variety of forages) vs browsing diet (wide variety of forages)

-grasses, legumes, and weeds (close to the ground) vs leaves, twigs, vines, forbs, fruit, nuts, tender, shrubs, bark (ground or vertical)

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12
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of genetic?

A

54 vs 60 chromosomes

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of fine wool sheep?

A

thin diameter of wool fiber (17-20 microns), lower meat quality, medium size (150-300 lbs), 2-3 offspring, Western US

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14
Q

What are examples of fine wool sheep?

A

Rambouillet, Delaine Merino

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of meat breed sheep?

A

carcass and growth characteristics, medium wool (cheap), large size (250-400 lbs), 1-2 offspring (lambs finish at 5-7 months, 120+ lbs), farm flock (midwest and northeast)

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16
Q

What are examples of meat breed sheep?

A

Suffolk, Hampshire, Southdown

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17
Q

What are characteristics of dual purpose sheep?

A

moderate carcass quality, variable wool, medium to large size (200-300 lbs)

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18
Q

What are examples of dual purpose sheep breeds?

A

Columbia, Dorset, Polypay

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19
Q

What kind of breeders are Polypay sheep?

A

out of season breeders

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20
Q

What are characteristics of long wool sheep breeds?

A

coarse long wool, low carcass quality, small to medium size (175-300 lbs)

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21
Q

What are examples of long wool sheep breeds?

A

Lincoln, Romney, Scottish Blackface Highlander, Karakul, Icelandic

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22
Q

What are characteristics of hair sheep breeds?

A

produce meat and leather, can live in subtropical environment (better adapted to hot humid environment and better parasite, disease resistance)

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23
Q

What are examples of hair sheep breeds?

A

Barbados Blackbelly, Dorper, Katahdin

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24
Q

What are characteristics of color sheep breeds?

A

moderate to coarse wool, variety of colors, novelty

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25
What are examples of color sheep breeds?
Jacob, Shetland, Navajo-Churro, Painted Desert Sheep
26
Why are meat breeds' wool considered cheap?
moderate diameter and black (preferred wool is translucent or white)
27
Why is translucent wool preferred?
it dyes better
28
What is a characteristic of Katahdin sheep?
they are resistant to Haermonchus cortortus (a worm parasite)
29
What is an example of sheep breed diversity?
Small Tail and Large tail Han, Valais Blacknose, British Zwartbles, Blue Texel, Border Leicester
30
What are Large Tail Han's tails used for?
tail contains oil and fat that is used for cooking
31
What are the 3 ways shearing is done?
by hand uses an electric razor, robotic sheering, and chemical sheering
32
When is robotic sheering used?
When you have a lot of sheep
33
What is chemical sheering?
BioClip; sheep are inserted with a Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF, a protein that breaks down wool), they then wear a tube and after 1 month the tube is removes and it makes it easier to remove the wool
34
What are the steps for woolen manufacturing?
1. Raw Wool 2. Scoured Wool 3. Lanolin 4. Dyed Wool 5. Roving 6. Spun Yarn 7. Unfinished Fabric 8. Finished Fabric
35
What are the parts of wool fiber?
Cortex and Cuticle
36
What are the characteristics of the cortex?
spongy, capable of absorbing dye
37
What are the characteristics of the cuticle?
translucent protein covering, barbs-felting
38
How is wool categorized?
types of wool, old blood grade, numerical count grade, limits for average fiber diameter, variability limit for standard deviation maximum
39
How is types of wool used as a category?
fine, medium, coarse, very coarse
40
How is old blood grade used as a category?
fine, 1/2 blood, 3/8 blood, 1/4 blood, low 1/4, common, braid
41
How is numerical count grade used as a category?
finer than 80's...coarser than 36's
42
How is limits for average fiber diameter used as a category?
<17.70...>40.20
43
How is variability limit for standard deviation maximum used as a category?
3.59...11.19
44
What is wool quality based on?
fiber diameter, staple length, color
45
How is fiber diameter important for wool quality?
smaller diameter, more crimps per inch (how wavy it is), more hanks, reduced prickle factor (not as many barbs, not itchy when worn)
46
How is staple length important for wool quality?
the longer the wool the better, want minimum break points
47
How is color important for wool quality?
translucent (or white) is preferred
48
What type of seasonal breeders are sheep?
short day
49
What is the estrous cycle for sheep?
17 days
50
What is estrus for sheep?
30 hours
51
What is gestation length for sheep?
147 days
52
What is puberty for sheep?
6-8 months
53
___ ram per _____ for young rams? (less than 2 years old)
1; 15-35
54
How many ewes can an older ram breed?
up to 50 or more
55
What is parturition called for sheep?
lambing
56
What is an intact male sheep called?
ram
57
What is a castrated male sheep called?
wether
58
What is a female sheep called?
ewe
59
What is a young male sheep called?
ram lamb
60
What is a young female sheep called?
ewe lamb
61
What is a newborn sheep called?
lamb
62
How are sheep cured of things?
very few vaccines and drugs are available in the US; instead farmers focus on preventative measures instead of cures
63
What is a big problem for sheep in the south?
internal parasites
64
Why are sheep tailed docked?
to avoid manure build up and maggot growth and fly strike
65
What is important for sheep health?
a clean environment and providing adequate nutrition
66
What are predators of sheep?
coyotes, dogs, wolves, mountain lions, bears, foxes, eagles, bobcats
67
How are predators prevented from attacking sheep?
fencing, guard animals, trapping, hunting
68
What animals are used as guard animals?
dogs, llamas, donkeys
69
Why are llamas good guard animals?
they form a special bond with sheep and will stand between sheep and a predator
70
What kind of fencing is used to protect against predators?
hot fencing (electric)
71
What kind of housing and equipment is provided for sheep?
shelter from severe winter weather, small pen to crowd and catch sheep
72
How are ewes fed?
pasture or roughage is basic feed, supplemented with grains during periods of increased nutrient needs
73
When would ewes need grains?
late gestation and/or lactation
74
How are rams fed?
pasture is usually sufficient, supplement with grain during breeding, avoid getting overly fat or thin
75
What is flushing?
increased feed during breeding increases the number of lambs born per ewe
76
Why do you want rams to avoid getting thin?
when thin, all energy goes towards maintaining the body instead of production
77
Why do you want rams to avoid getting fat?
they can't breed as much, being overweight negatively affects their libido
78
How are lambs fed?
milk until weaning, commonly creep feed, feed high amounts of grain from weaning to market
79
What are sheep sensitive to?
copper toxicity
80
What is creep feeding?
a way for lambs to get additional nutrients, it prevents older sheep from entering
81
Can a sheep have two lambings a year?
they technically can , but seasonal and lactation inhibition of estrus prevent it from occuring
82
What is the order of the sheep life/production cycle?
breeding season (day 0), lambing (day 147), weaning (day 200), market (day 260), breeding season (day 365)
83
Why is there a decline in the sheep industry?
higher feed and energy cost, continuous loss to predation, low consumption rate means no demand, competition from import
84
What are the opportunities for the sheep industry?
wool production (produce 2% of wool consumed), meat production (more imported than produced), contract grazing
85
What is contract grazing?
rent sheep to graze a certain plot of land
86
What is special about the Finn breed of sheep?
they have superior fertility, they can have multiple offspring (2-9)
87
What is special about the Booroola Merino breed of sheep?
they have the "F" gene (fertility), the Booroola gene leads to increased levels of ovulation in fertility
88
What is parturition called for goats?
kidding
89
What is an intact male goat called?
billy/buck
90
What is a castrated male goat called?
wether
91
What is a female goat called?
nanny/doe
92
What is a young male goat called?
buckling
93
What is a young female goat called?
doeling
94
What are newborn goats called?
kids
95
What is goat meat called?
chevon or cabrito
96
Is goat meat a growing or declining industry in the US?
growing
97
What is goat milk used for primarily?
cheese and people who have difficulty digesting cow's milk
98
What type of fiber do goats produce?
cashmere and mohair
99
What products do goats provide?
milk, meat, fiber
100
Where does mohair come from?
Angora goats
101
What is cashmere?
the "down" hair of a goat (undercoat
102
What is cashmere used for?
angora wool comes from angora rabbits, but it cannot be spun to yarn unless mixed with another fiber so cashmere is commonly used to mix
103
What are examples of fiber goat breeds?
Angora Goat, Bezoar Goat (?)
104
What are examples of dairy goats?
Nubian, Alpine, Saanen, La Mancha
105
What is special about Alpine (might not be just alpine and instead all dairy goats) Goats?
their teets and udder are more developed and bigger than non-dairy goats
106
What are examples of meat goats?
Boer, Kiko
107
Do all goat breeds produce the same amount of milk?
no, some produce more than other breeds
108
Milk production _____ as lactating goes on
declines
109
What are Myotonic goats?
fainting goat
110
Why do Myotonic goats faint?
they have a genetic condition that is autosomal dominant and is also an incomplete penetrance
111
What does autosomal dominant mean?
only need 1 allele for mutation to be present, so only one parent needs to have it
112
What is incomplete penetrance?
not every individual that carries the allele expresses it

Introduction to Animal Science (21 decks)

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