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RUSVM Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

After 5 half lives _______% of the drug is gone.

A

After 5 half lives 97% of the drug is gone.

_________________

Unlikey to have any more effect

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2
Q

Most drugs in veterinary medicine follow _________ kinetics

A

Most drugs in veterinary medicine follow First Order kinetics

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3
Q

Half-life (T1/2) equation

A

t1/2 = 0.693 x Vd / ClB

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4
Q

When saturation occurs, ClB (increases/decreases) and t1/2 (increases/decreases) leading to drug accumulation and potential development of side effects.

A

When saturation occurs, ClB (increases/decreases) and t1/2 (increases/decreases) leading to drug accumulation and potential development of side effects.

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5
Q

T/F: Half life is dose dependent

A

False, it is proportional

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6
Q

Dosage

A

“Recipe” for how much to give (mg/kg)

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7
Q

Bioavailability % (F%) equation

A

F% = AUC (extravascular) / AUC (IV) x 100%

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8
Q

F% is equal to ________ for IV administration

A

F% is equal to 100 for IV administration

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9
Q

One Compartment Model

A

Consider the body as consisting of a single, homogeneous compartment. Volume would equal the volume of distribution. Model may be closed or open taking in account for clearance.

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10
Q

Primary compartment method by which pharmacokinetic parameters are now determined in veterinary medicine

A

Stochastic model

(Non-Compartmental)

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11
Q

Zero Order Kinetics

A

Amount of drug is eliminated per unit time is fixed

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12
Q

Peak

A

Highest concentration of each dose

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13
Q

Dose

A

The amount of a drug given to an individual (mg)

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14
Q

Time to achieve steady state levels is (dependent/independent) of dose.

A

Independent

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15
Q

What are the components of a dosage regimen

A

Dosage

Route of Administration

Frequency

Duration

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16
Q

Plasma Concentration Steady State is reached at how many half lives

A

5

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17
Q

Extent

A

How much the mass (dose) of a drug changes in total

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18
Q

Loading Dose

A

Single dose administered to get the plasma concentration to a certain level, to be maintained by repeated dosing

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19
Q

Compartment Model

A

Views the patient as a number of compartments, each compartment is a collection of tissues that have similar pharmacokinetics

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20
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Use of mathematical modelsto quantitate the time course of drug disposition in man and animals

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21
Q

Allometric Scaling

A

Uses pharmacokinetic data in multiple species to try to predict the behavior of a drug in a species for which this information is unknown

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22
Q

What type of pharmacokinetic model is used for drugs that follow first order kinetics?

A

Non-Linear Model

23
Q

Clearance

A

Volume cleared of the drug per unit time (mL/min/kg)

24
Q

What happens to plasma concentration and half life if a dose is doubled?

A

Plasma concentration will increase

Half life will remain the same

25
Q

Population Pharmacokinetics

A

System estimates pharmacokinetics by looking at populations. Mathematical techniques allow studies of large numbers of animals with less individual sampling. Can allow for development of parameters for a drug that would apply to all breeds/ages/genders/etc.

26
Q

Elimination roughly equals

A

Metabolism + Excretion

27
Q

As Vd increases, t1/2 (increases/decreases)

A

Increases

28
Q

Multi-Compartment Model

A

Consists of multiple compartments. Math gets incredibly complex

29
Q

Vd Equation

A

Vd = Dose / Cp

30
Q

Bioavailability (F)

A

Fraction of the dose given which finds its way into systemic circulation

31
Q

Intermittent Dosing Cpss Equation

A

DOSE x F = Cpss x CLB

Interval

32
Q

Two Compartment Model

A

Considers the body as consisting of two compartments; a central compartment into which the drug is added and from which it is clear and a second compartment to which the drug distributes. Graphical representation shows a distribution and elimination phase.

33
Q

DoseCRI Equation

A

= Cpss x CLB

34
Q

As Clearance increases, t1/2 (increases/decreases)

A

Decreases

35
Q

Trough

A

Lowest concentration of each dose

36
Q

Describe the pattern of Plasma Concentration of a drug in relation to Plasma Elimination of a drug

A

Plasma concentration will follow the same pattern as plasma elimination, only upside down

________________________

1 half life - 50% of final Cpss

5 half lives - Cpss will be 97% of eventual steady state

37
Q

Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)

A

Theoretical volume a drug would occupy if it was evenly distriuted through the body at the same concentration as in plasma

38
Q

First Order Kinetics

A

Proportion of drug eliminated per unit time is fixed

39
Q

Elimination Rate Constant

A

Fraction/ Proportion of the drug that would be eliminated per unit time

40
Q

Volume of Distribution (Vd)

A

Volume of drug would occupy if it was evenly distributed at the same concentration as in plasma (L/kg)

41
Q

Very high Vd ( > L/kg ) suggests that a drug is

A

Very high Vd ( > L/kg ) suggests that a drug is distributing preferentially to tissue and may even be sequestered somewhere

42
Q

Total Body Clearance (CLB)

A

Volume of distribution of drug in body cleared of teh drug per unit time (mL/min/kg) and this is the sum of clearance by the kidneys, liver and everywhere else.

____________________

Takes into account both metabolism and excretion

43
Q

Bioavailability (F) equation

A

F = AUC ( extravascular ) / AUC (IV)

44
Q

Very low Vd suggests that a drug is

A

Very low Vd suggests that a drug is not being distributed to all of the tissues

45
Q

After 2 half lives _______% of the drug is gone.

A

After 2 half lives 75% of the drug is gone.

46
Q

Bioequivalence

A

Different formulations of the same drug have the same drug bioequivalence when they are absorbed to a similar extent and similar rate

47
Q

Stochastic Model

(Non-Compartmental)

A

Involve using analysis of large numbers of actual animal data (time-plasma curves).

48
Q

Elimination Half Life

A

Time required for the drug concentration to decrease by one half or 50%

49
Q

Rate

A

How fast the mass (dose) of a drug changes per unit time (mg/min)

50
Q

Bioavilability is a measure of

A

Bioavilability is a measure of drug exposure

51
Q

What measurements are important to compare in bioequivalence

A

AUC

Cmax

Tmax

52
Q

Mean Resistance Time (MRT)

A

Used in the non compartment model, describes the length of drug persistence in the body

53
Q

Plasma Concentration at Steady State Cpss

A

Concentration at which the amount of drug going in is equal to the amount going out

54
Q

After 3.3 half lives _______% of the drug is gone.

A

After 3.3 half lives ~90% of the drug is gone.

RUSVM Pharmacology (19 decks)

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