Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards
(88 cards)
Normal range for 24 hours of urine
“600-2000 mL”
Average 24 hr urine
“1200-1500 mL”
Night urine output
“<400 mL”
Day night ratio of urine
“2 - 3:1”
Container capacity of urine
“50 mL”
Amount required for routine UA
“10-15 mL (for urinometry and reagent strip)”
> 2000 mL/24 hrs of urine in adults (Henry)
2.5 L/day in adults (Strasinger)
Polyuria (increased urine volume)
Polyuria amount in children
2.5-3.0 mL/kg/day (in children)
Decreased urine volume in adults output (oliguria)
’< 500 mL/24 hrs (Henry);
‘< 400 mL/day (Strasinger)”
Oliguria in infants
’ <1 mL/kg/hr
Oliguria in children
< 0.5 mL/kg/hr
Complete cessation of urine flow amount (anuria)
< 100 mL/24 hrs
Increased urine output for night amount (nocturia)
> 500 mL of urine at night; S.G < 1.018
Any increase in urine excretion
Diuresis
Causes of polyuria
Increased fluid intake
Diuretics, nervousness
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus in urine
Increased S.G in diabetes mellitus (increased glucose threshold)
Causes of decreased urine output
Dehydration, renal diseases, renal calculi, or tumor
Causes of anuria
“Complete obstruction (stones, tumors); Toxic agents; Decreased renal blood flow”
Diuresis causes
Excessive water intake (polydipsia); Diuretic therapy; Hormonal imbalance; Renal dysfunction, drug ingestion
Urine color should correlate with
Urine S.G
Normal color of urine
Colorless to deep yellow
Abnormal color of urine
“Red/Red brown (most common)”
Diabetes mellitus color of urine and S.G
“Colorless; Increased S.G”
Urine color determination should be examined at
“Under good light source; Look down through the container against white background”
