SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY

Question 1

What are potentially harmful microorganisms called?

Answer 1

Biological hazards

Question 2

What are the 6 components of the Chain of Infection?

(IREMES)

Answer 2

Infectious agent, Reservoir, Exit portal, Mode of transmission, Entry portal, Susceptible host

Question 3

What is required for the Chain of Infection?

(SMS)

Answer 3

Continuous link between:

Susceptible host, Method of transmission, Susceptible host

Question 4

What are the 3 routes of infection?

Answer 4

Inhalation, ingestion, direct inoculation or skin contact

Question 5

What is the best way to break the chain of infection?

Answer 5

Hand washing

Question 6

What is the primary method of infection transmission?

Answer 6

Hand contact

Question 7

What prevention is used when hands are soiled?

Answer 7

Wash hands with soap and water

Question 8

What method is used when hands are NOT visibly soiled?

Answer 8

Apply alcohol based hand-rub (sanitizer)

Question 9

What is the handwashing procedure?

Answer 9

1) Wet hands w/ warm water
2) Apply antimicrobial soap
3) Rub to form lather, create friction to loosen debris
4) Thoroughly clean hands for 15-20 secs
5) Rinse hands in DOWNWARD position
6) Dry with a paper towel
7) Turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent recontamination

Question 10

What is the most important step in handwashing?

Answer 10

Friction

Question 11

How long should hands be washed?

Answer 11

At least 15-20 seconds

Question 12

What is the washing hands position?

Answer 12

DOWNWARD

Question 13

What is the last step in handwashing?

Answer 13

Turn off faucets with a clean paper towel

Question 14

Where must all biological waste be placed?

Answer 14

In appropriate labeled containers with biohazard symbol EXCEPT Urine

Question 15

What is the color of the accepted BIOHAZARD label?

Answer 15

Fluorescent orange

Question 16

Where should urine be discarded?

Answer 16

Sink

Question 17

What is used for disinfection of the sink?

Answer 17

1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOH)

Question 18

How often should disinfection of the sinks be performed?

Answer 18

Every day (daily)

Question 19

What does disinfection eliminate?

Answer 19

Almost all microorganisms except bacterial spores

Question 20

How is a 1:10 dilution of NaOH prepared?

Answer 20

1 part NaOH to 9 parts water

Question 21

How long is a 1:10 dilution of disinfectant effective?

Answer 21

1 month

Question 22

What is the basic outline of the biohazard symbol?

Answer 22

Trefoil (three circles overlapping each other)

Question 23

What is the sharp hazard symbol?

Answer 23

Syringe with a NO circle sign

Question 24

What is the color of the puncture resistant container?

Answer 24

Red

Question 25

What is the best method of waste disposal for radioactive hazards?

Answer 25

Store the used radioactive material in a locked room, marked room until the background count is down to 10 half-lives for radioiodine

Question 26

What is the chemical spill symbol?

Answer 26

Skull with cross bones

Question 27

What is the best first aid for chemical spills?

Answer 27

Flush the area with amounts of water for at least 15 mins

Question 28

What is the first aid for alkali/acid burns in the eye?

Answer 28

Wash the eye thoroughly with running water for 15 mins

Question 29

How should acid spills on floors be cleaned up?

Answer 29

Neutralized then soaked up with wet rags or spill pillows

Question 30

What should be done to avoid sudden splashing when handling chemicals?

Answer 30

ACID TO WATER (explosion can occur when water is added to acid)

Question 31

What does NFPA stand for?

Answer 31

National Fire Protection Association

Question 32

What is the chemical hazard symbol color from top (clockwise diamond)?

Answer 32

RYWB (Fire, Reactivity, Specific, Health)

Question 33

What are the degrees of Hazard Index? | (No SMS Ex)

Answer 33

0 - No/Minimal, 1 - Slight hazard, 2 - Moderate Hazard, 3 - Serious Hazard, 4 - Extreme/ Severe Hazard

Question 34

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Stable indicate?

Answer 34

0

Question 35

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Unstable if heated indicate?

Answer 35

1

Question 36

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Violent chemical change indicate?

Answer 36

2

Question 37

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: Shock and heat may deteriorate indicate?

Answer 37

3

Question 38

What does NFPA Yellow Quadrant: May deteriorate indicate?

Answer 38

4

Question 39

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Normal material indicate?

Answer 39

0

Question 40

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Slightly hazardous indicate?

Answer 40

1

Question 41

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Hazardous indicate?

Answer 41

2

Question 42

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Extreme danger indicate?

Answer 42

3

Question 43

What does NFPA Blue Quadrant: Deadly indicate?

Answer 43

4

Question 44

What does NFPA White Quadrant: OXY indicate?

Answer 44

Oxidizer

Question 45

What does NFPA White Quadrant: W indicate?

Answer 45

No water

Question 46

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Will not burn indicate?

Answer 46

0

Question 47

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Above 200 F (93.333 C) indicate?

Answer 47

1

Question 48

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Below 200 F (93.3333 C) indicate?

Answer 48

2

Question 49

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Below 100 F (37.77 C) indicate?

Answer 49

3

Question 50

What does NFPA Red Quadrant: Below 73 F (22.78 C) indicate?

Answer 50

4

Question 51

How is electrical equipment grounded to avoid electric shock?

Answer 51

3 pronged plug

Question 52

What precautions should be taken when electric shock occurs?

Answer 52

Never touch the person or the equipment involved, Turn off circuit breaker, Unplug equipment, Move the equipment using a nonconductive glass or wood object

Question 53

Where should flammable chemicals be stored?

Answer 53

In safety cabinets and explosion proof refrigerators

Question 54

How often must all laboratory personnel be involved in laboratory fire drills?

Answer 54

Annually

Question 55

What should be done when a fire is discovered (RACE)?

Answer 55

Rescue, Activate fire system, Close all doors, Extinguish/Evacuate

Question 56

What is the procedure to operate a fire extinguisher (PASS)?

Answer 56

Pull, Aim - at the base, Squeeze, Sweep - side to side

Question 57

What type of hazard involves ordinary combustibles like paper and wood?

Answer 57

Type A ## Footnote Extinguisher: Water, Dry chemical, Loaded steam

Question 58

What type of hazard involves flammable liquids like gasoline?

Answer 58

Type B ## Footnote Extinguisher: Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide, halon foam

Question 59

What type of hazard involves electrical equipment?

Answer 59

Type C ## Footnote Extinguisher: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, HALON

Question 60

What type of hazard involves flammable metals?

Answer 60

Type D ## Footnote Extinguisher: Metal X, Sand, Dry powder, fought by fire fighters only

Question 61

What type of hazard involves detonation?

Answer 61

Type E ## Footnote Allowed to burn out and nearby materials are protected

Question 62

What type of hazard involves cooking media?

Answer 62

Type K ## Footnote Liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire

Question 63

What types of fires can dry chemical extinguish?

Answer 63

Type A, B, C

Question 64

What types of fires can carbon dioxide extinguish?

Answer 64

Type B and C

Question 65

What is the best type of extinguisher for electric equipment?

Answer 65

Halon

Question 66

What are the most common all-purpose extinguishers?

Answer 66

Dry chemical

Question 67

What classes of fires should be handled by trained personnel?

Answer 67

Class D and E

Question 68

What is an ergonomic hazard?

Answer 68

Work related hazard that involves strain due to repeated position

Question 69

What hazard is caused by extremely low temperatures?

Answer 69

Cryogenic

Question 70

What type of hazard involves centrifuge, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glassware?

Answer 70

Mechanical

Question 71

What can centrifuge accidents produce?

Answer 71

Aerosols