Spermanalysis

Question 1

Stages of sperm maturation

Answer 1

Spermatogonium, 1st spermatocyte, 2nd spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon

Question 2

Composition of semen 5%

Answer 2

Spermatozoa

Question 3

Composition of semen 60-70%

Answer 3

Seminal fluid

Question 4

Composition of semen 20-30%

Answer 4

Prostate fluid

Question 5

Composition of semen 5%

Answer 5

Bulbourethral gland fluid

Question 6

Site of spermatogenesis

Answer 6

Seminiferous tubules (testes)

Question 7

Nurse cells for developing sperm

Answer 7

Sertoli cells

Question 8

Site of sperm maturation

Answer 8

Epididymis

Question 9

Propels sperm to ejaculatory ducts

Answer 9

Vas deferens (ductus deferens)

Question 10

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation time

Answer 10

90 days (74 days in Graff cycle)

Question 11

Acidic fluid containing ACP, zinc, citric acid, and enzymes

Answer 11

Prostate fluid

Question 12

Bulbourethral gland secretes alkaline mucus for

Answer 12

Neutralizing acidity from prostatic secretions and vagina

Question 13

Specimen collection for sperm abstinence

Answer 13

2-7 days

Question 14

Prolonged abstinence effect

Answer 14

Increased volume, decreased motility

Question 15

WHO recommendation for specimen collection

Answer 15

Two to three specimens, not less than 7 days or more

Question 16

First portion of sperm missing effect

Answer 16

Decreased sperm count, increased pH, specimen will not liquefy

Question 17

Last portion of sperm missing effect

Answer 17

Increased sperm count, decreased pH and volume, specimen will not clot

Question 18

Best method for sperm analysis

Answer 18

Masturbation

Question 19

Condom requirements for specimen collection

Answer 19

Non-lubricant-containing rubber or polyurethane condom

Question 20

Specimen for sperm analysis should be delivered within

Answer 20

1 hour of collection at room temperature

Question 21

Liquefaction for sperm analysis should be done

Answer 21

30-60 minutes

Question 22

Failure to liquefy sperm within 60 minutes causes

Answer 22

Deficiency in prostatic enzymes

Question 23

Failure to liquefy sperm remedy

Answer 23

Treat with amylase, bromelain, α-chymotrypsin, or DPBS to break up mucus

Question 24

Specimen awaiting analysis should be kept at

Answer 24

37°C (water bath)

Question 25

Normal appearance of sperm

Answer 25

Gray-white, translucent (due to flavin)

Question 26

Odor of sperm

Answer 26

Musty or bleach odor

Question 27

Increased white turbidity in sperm indicates

Answer 27

Infection

Question 28

Red or brown coloration in sperm indicates

Answer 28

Increased blood or RBCs

Question 29

Yellow coloration of sperm indicates

Answer 29

Urine contamination, medication, abstinence

Question 30

Normal volume of sperm

Answer 30

2-5 mL

Question 31

Decreased volume of sperm indicates

Answer 31

Infertility, incomplete collection

Question 32

Normal viscosity of sperm

Answer 32

Pours in droplets

Question 33

Abnormal viscosity of sperm

Answer 33

Threads >2 cm long

Question 34

Higher viscosity effect on motility

Answer 34

Decreased motility

Question 35

Reporting of sperm

Answer 35

0 - watery, 4 - gel-like

Question 36

pH of normal sperm

Answer 36

7.2 to 8.0

Question 37

Increased pH in sperm indicates

Answer 37

Infection

Question 38

Decreased pH in sperm indicates

Answer 38

Increased prostatic fluid

Question 39

Normal value of sperm concentration

Answer 39

>20 million/mL

Question 40

Dilution of sperm in improved Neubauer counting chamber

Answer 40

1:20

Question 41

Diluents for sperm purpose

Answer 41

Immobilize sperm

Question 42

Examples of diluents for sperm

Answer 42

Formalin, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), saline, distilled water, cold tap water

Question 43

Shortcut method for sperm count computation (2 WBCs square)

Answer 43

# sperm counted x 100,000

Question 44

Shortcut method for sperm count computation (5 RBCs square)

Answer 44

# sperm counted x 1,000,000

Question 45

Sperm count normal value

Answer 45

>/= 40 million/ejaculate

Question 46

Sperm motility normal value

Answer 46

50% motility within 1 hour

Question 47

Quality of sperm motility should be

Answer 47

>/= 2.0

Question 48

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: rapid straight motility)

Answer 48

4 (a)

Question 49

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: slower speed, some lateral movement)

Answer 49

3.0 (b)

Question 50

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement)

Answer 50

2.0 (b)

Question 51

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: no forward progression)

Answer 51

1.0 (c)

Question 52

Grading of sperm (WHO criteria: no movement)

Answer 52

0 (d)

Question 53

Alternative sperm motility grading criteria: sperm moving linearly in a large circle

Answer 53

Progressive motility

Question 54

Alternative sperm motility grading criteria: sperm moving with absence of progression

Answer 54

Nonprogressive motility

Question 55

Alternative sperm motility grading criteria: no movement

Answer 55

Immotility

Question 56

Determines sperm concentration, morphology, velocity, and trajectory

Answer 56

Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA)

Question 57

Sperm morphology routine criteria normal forms

Answer 57

>30%

Question 58

Sperm morphology Kruger's strict criteria

Answer 58

>14%

Question 59

Preferred stain for sperm morphology

Answer 59

Papanicolaou's stain

Question 60

Other stains for sperm morphology

Answer 60

Wright's stain, Giemsa stain, Shorr stain

Question 61

Contains mitochondria in sperm

Answer 61

Midpiece

Question 62

Acrosomal cap measurement to head

Answer 62

1/2 of the head

Question 63

Acrosomal cap measurement to nucleus

Answer 63

2/3 of the nucleus

Question 64

Acrosomal cap measurement

Answer 64

3 µm

Question 65

Sperm head size

Answer 65

5 µm

Question 66

Neck of sperm size

Answer 66

7 µm

Question 67

Tail measurement including neck

Answer 67

45 µm

Question 68

Seminal fluid fructose is measured within

Answer 68

2 hours or frozen to prevent glycolysis

Question 69

Screening test for seminal fructose

Answer 69

Resorcinol (Seliwanoff's test)

Question 70

Color for Seliwanoff's test

Answer 70

Orange-red color

Question 71

Cause of sperm agglutination, detected in semen, cervical mucosa, or serum

Answer 71

Antisperm antibodies

Question 72

Detects the presence of IgG antibodies

Answer 72

Mixed agglutination reaction

Question 73

Immunobead test detects the presence of

Answer 73

IgG, IgM, IgA antibodies

Question 74

Presence of beads on sperm (normal)

Answer 74

<50%

Question 75

Round cells in sperm

Answer 75

WBCs or spermatids (immature sperm cells)

Question 76

WBCs and immature sperm cells are differentiated using

Answer 76

Peroxidase

Question 77

Round cell count formula

Answer 77

NxS / 100

Question 78

Detection of semen more specific method

Answer 78

Glycoprotein p30 (PSA)

Question 79

Test for choline medicolegal

Answer 79

Florence test

Question 80

Reagents for Florence test

Answer 80

Iodine crystals + Potassium iodide

Question 81

Positive reaction in Florence test

Answer 81

Dark brown rhombic crystals

Question 82

Barbiero's test is used to detect

Answer 82

Spermine

Question 83

Reagents for Barbiero's test

Answer 83

Saturated picric acid + TCA

Question 84

Positive reaction in Barbiero's test

Answer 84

Yellow leaf-like crystals

Question 85

Sperm count following vasectomy should ideally be

Answer 85

Zero within 12 weeks after procedure

Question 86

Post vasectomy semen analysis is done after

Answer 86

2 months or 8 weeks

Question 87

Post vasectomy is collected

Answer 87

2 months until 2 consecutive monthly specimens show no sperm

Question 88

Eosin nigrosin stain is used for

Answer 88

Decreased motility with normal count

Question 89

Decreased sperm count test

Answer 89

Fructose level

Question 90

Decreased motility with clumping cause

Answer 90

Male antisperm antibodies

Question 91

MAR and immunobead test and sperm agglutination with sperm serum is used for

Answer 91

Male antisperm antibodies

Question 92

Normal analysis with continued infertility test

Answer 92

Sperm agglutination with female serum

Question 93

Observing sperm penetration ability of partner's midyear cervical mucus

Answer 93

Cervical mucus penetration

Question 94

Sperms exposed to low-sodium concentration are evaluated for

Answer 94

Hypo-osmotic swelling

Question 95

Evaluation of the acrosome to produce enzyme essential for ovum penetration

Answer 95

In vitro acrosome reaction

Question 96

No semen or ejaculate

Answer 96

Aspermia

Question 97

Absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate

Answer 97

Azoospermia

Question 98

Presence of blood in the ejaculate

Answer 98

Hematospermia

Question 99

Increased number of leukocytes in ejaculate

Answer 99

Leukospermia

Question 100

Increased number of immotile or dead spermatozoa in the ejaculate

Answer 100

Necrozoospermia

Question 101

Decreased sperm concentration

Answer 101

Oligozoospermia

Question 102

Hormones that stimulate spermatogenesis

Answer 102

FSH and LH

Question 103

Leydig cells secrete

Answer 103

Testosterone

Question 104

Sertoli cells secrete

Answer 104

Inhibin

Question 105

Specimen for sperm analysis according to WHO

Answer 105

2 or 3 samples from <7 days or >3 weeks apart with 2 abnormal samples are considered significant

Question 106

As the sperm die off, what remains and may be present after 7 days of intercourse

Answer 106

Head