Introduction to Urinalysis (Specimen)

Question 1

Who published Fasciculus Medicinae in 1491, depicting a circle surrounded by thin-necked urine flasks?

Answer 1

Johannes de Ketham

Question 2

What are the four temperaments?

Answer 2

Sanguineous (blood), Choleric (yellow bile), Phlegmatic (phlegm), Melancholic (black bile)

Question 3

Who documented the importance of sputum in uroscopy?

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine?

Answer 4

Frederik Dekkers

Question 5

Who wrote a book about pisse prophets (charlatans)?

Answer 5

Thomas Bryant

Question 6

Who examined urine sediment?

Answer 6

Thomas Addis

Question 7

Who introduced urinalysis as part of routine patient exams?

Answer 7

Richard Bright

Question 8

Who identified urochrome?

Answer 8

Ludwig Thudichum

Question 9

Who discovered cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 9

Domenico Cotugno

Question 10

Who identified phenylketonuria?

Answer 10

Ivan Folling

Question 11

Who discovered alkaptonuria?

Answer 11

Archibald Garrod

Question 12

Who described orthostatic cyclic proteinuria?

Answer 12

Frederick William Pavy

Question 13

Who identified cystine calculi?

Answer 13

William Wollaston

Question 14

Who created Benedict’s reagent?

Answer 14

Stanley Benedict

Question 15

What is the water percentage in urine composition?

Answer 15

95-97%

Question 16

What is the major organic component of urine solids?

Answer 16

Urea

Question 17

What is the principal salt in urine composition?

Answer 17

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Question 18

What specimen is ideal for routine urinalysis and pregnancy testing?

For evaluation of orthostatic proteinuria

Answer 18

First morning

Question 19

What is the ideal specimen for cytology studies with prior hydration and exercise?

also for routine testing and qualitative urinalysis

Answer 19

Random/Occasional

Question 20

What urine sample is collected after fasting, used for glucose determination?

Answer 20

Second morning/Fasting urine

Question 21

What urine sample is preferred for diabetic screening or monitoring?

Answer 21

2-hour postprandial urine

Question 22

What test uses blood and urine samples collected at specific intervals for diabetes diagnosis?

Answer 22

Fractional specimen

Question 23

What is required for routine screening and bacterial culture?

Answer 23

Midstream clean catch

Patient’s should thoroughly cleanse genitals before collection

Question 24

What method is used to collect urine via the urethra or ureter?

For bacterial culture

Answer 24

Catheterized

Question 25

What is the most sterile method for collecting urine directly from the bladder?

Answer 25

Suprapubic aspiration

Question 26

What tool is used for pediatric urine specimen collection?

Answer 26

Soft, plastic bag with adhesive

Question 27

What are the three portions of urine collected in the 3-glass technique?

Answer 27

1) First portion, 2) Middle portion (control), 3) After prostatic massage

Question 28

What indicates prostatitis in the 3-glass technique?

Answer 28

WBC and bacteria in the 3rd specimen is 10x greater than the 1st

Question 29

What is the 2nd specimen in the 3-glass technique used for?

Answer 29

Control for bladder and kidney infection

Question 30

What does a positive 2nd glass in the 3-glass technique indicate?

Answer 30

UTI and 3rd specimen is invalid

Question 31

What is the name of the four-glass method for prostatitis?

Answer 31

Stamey-Meares Test

Question 32

What are the components of the Stamey-Meares test?

Answer 32

VB1 (bacterial culture), VB2 (midstream), VB3 (prostatic secretions), Post-prostatic massage urine

Question 33

What specimen in the Stamey-Meares test is used to test for urethral infection?

Answer 33

VB1

Question 34

What specimen in the Stamey-Meares test is used to test for urinary bladder infection?

Answer 34

VB2

Question 35

What is considered an abnormal result for prostatic secretion in the Stamey-Meares test?

Answer 35

10 to 20 WBC per HPF

Question 36

What is collected during a 24-hour timed urine specimen?

Answer 36

First morning urine is discarded, last collection is the first morning urine the next day

Question 37

What is the duration of the Addis count quantitation timed specimen?

Answer 37

12 hours

Question 38

For nitrite determination, how long should urine remain in the bladder before voiding?

Answer 38

4 hours

Question 39

What process ensures proper sample identification from collection to results?

Answer 39

Chain of Custody

Question 40

What is the required urine volume for drug testing?

Answer 40

30-45 mL

Question 41

What is the container capacity for drug testing?

Answer 41

60 mL

Question 42

What is the acceptable temperature range for drug testing within 4 minutes?

Answer 42

32.5 to 37.7 °C

Question 43

What is added to toilet water to prevent urine specimen adulteration?

Answer 43

Blueing agent

Question 44

What adulteration indicators are checked in urine drug testing?

Answer 44

pH > 9; S.G < 1.005

Question 45

What features should urine containers have?

Answer 45

Wide base, opening of at least 4 cm

Question 46

How much volume should a 24-hour urine container hold?

Answer 46

3L and may be colored for light-sensitive analytes

Question 47

What happens if urine is added before the start of a 24-hour urine collection period?

Answer 47

False increased results

Question 48

What happens if urine is not included at the end of a 24-hour urine collection?

Answer 48

False decreased results

Question 49

When UA and culture are both requested, which is performed first?

Answer 49

Culture before UA