FECALYSIS

Question 1

Normal amount of excreted stool

Answer 1

100-200g

Question 2

Normal stool color is caused by

Answer 2

Urobilin/Stercobilin

Question 3

Upper GI bleeding, iron, charcoal bismuth stool color

Answer 3

Black

Question 4

Lower GI bleeding, beets, food coloring, rifampin stool color

Answer 4

Red

Question 5

Bile duct obstruction, barium sulfates stool color

Answer 5

Pale yellow, white, gray (acholic)

Question 6

Biliverdin, oral antibiotics, green vegetable stool color

Answer 6

Green

Question 7

Prussian blue, grape, soda stool color

Answer 7

Blue

Question 8

Porphyria stool color

Answer 8

Violet/Purple

Question 9

Bile duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders, steatorrhea stool appearance

Answer 9

Bulky/Frothy

Question 10

Cystic fibrosis stool appearance

Answer 10

Butter-like

Question 11

Colitis, dysentery, malignancy, constipation stool appearance

Answer 11

Mucus-streaked, blood-streaked

Question 12

Slender, ribbon/noodle-like stool is seen in

Answer 12

Intestinal obstruction or constriction

Question 13

Rice watery stool is seen in

Answer 13

Cholera

Question 14

Typhoid stool color

Answer 14

Pea soup

Question 15

Constipation stool appearance

Answer 15

Hard/Scybalous (goat droppings)

Question 16

Bristol stool chart: watery, no solid pieces

Answer 16

Type 7

Question 17

Bristol stool chart: fluffy pieces with ragged edges, mushy stool

Answer 17

Type 6

Question 18

Bristol stool chart: soft blobs with clear-cut edges

Answer 18

Type 5

Question 19

Bristol stool chart: most common stool type

Answer 19

Type 4

Question 20

Neutral fat stain value for steatorrhea

Answer 20

≥60 droplets/HPF

Question 21

Reagents for neutral fat stain

Answer 21

95% ethanol + Sudan III

Question 22

Reagents for split fat stain

Answer 22

36% acetic acid + Sudan III

Question 23

Gold standard for steatorrhea

Answer 23

Van de Kamer titration

Question 24

Van de Kamer sample collection duration

Answer 24

3 days (72 hours)

Question 25

Normal value for fat excretion in stool

Answer 25

1-6 g fats/day

Question 26

Abnormal fat excretion in stool (Van de Kamer test)

Answer 26

>6 g fats/day

Question 27

Rapid test for fat excretion similar to microhematocrit

Answer 27

Acid steatocrit (quantitative fecal fats)

Question 28

Test using microwaved stool for analysis

Answer 28

Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Question 29

Abnormal muscle fiber secretion in stool is called

Answer 29

Creatorrhea

Question 30

Reagent for muscle fiber detection in stool

Answer 30

10% Eosin

Question 31

Appearance of undigested muscle fibers

Answer 31

Striations in both directions

Question 32

Undigested muscle fibers are seen in

Answer 32

Biliary obstruction, cystic fibrosis

Question 33

Abnormal value for undigested muscle fibers

Answer 33

>10

Question 34

Neutrophils in feces indicating invasive condition

Answer 34

≥3/HPF

Question 35

Diarrhea with WBCs in stool indicates

Answer 35

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, enteroinvasive E. coli, Campylobacter

Question 36

Diarrhea without WBCs in stool indicates

Answer 36

Toxin-producing organisms, parasites, viruses

Question 37

Screening test for colorectal cancer

Answer 37

Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT)

Question 38

Principle of gFOBT

Answer 38

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

Question 39

Chromogen used in gFOBT

Answer 39

Guaiac

Question 40

False positive gFOBT interference

Answer 40

3 days (food-related), 7 days (aspirin, NSAIDs)

Question 41

False negative gFOBT interference

Answer 41

3 days (Vitamin C, iron with Vitamin C)

Question 42

Immunochemical FOBT detects

Answer 42

Globin using anti-HGB antibodies

Question 43

Porphyrin-based FOBT detects

Answer 43

Fluorescent porphyrins from heme

Question 44

APT Downey test pink solution indicates

Answer 44

Fetal blood (alkaline-resistant)

Question 45

APT Downey test yellow-brown solution indicates

Answer 45

Maternal blood (denatured by alkali)

Question 46

X-ray film test detects pancreatic enzyme

Answer 46

Trypsin

Question 47

Absence of trypsin is seen in

Answer 47

Cystic fibrosis

Question 48

Fecal carbohydrate test assesses

Answer 48

Lactose intolerance

Question 49

Clinitest result >0.5 g/dL indicates

Answer 49

Carbohydrate intolerance

Question 50

Sensitive indicator of pancreatic insufficiency

Answer 50

Elastase-1

Question 51

Test to differentiate malabsorption and maldigestion

Answer 51

D-xylose test

Question 52

Low urine D-xylose indicates

Answer 52

Malabsorption

Question 53

Normal urine D-xylose indicates

Answer 53

Maldigestion

Question 54

Acute diarrhea duration

Answer 54

<4 weeks

Question 55

Major mechanisms of diarrhea

Answer 55

Secretory, osmotic, altered motility

Question 56

Normal fecal osmolarity

Answer 56

290 mOsm/kg

Question 57

Normal fecal Na level

Answer 57

30 mmol/L

Question 58

Normal fecal K level

Answer 58

75 mmol/L

Question 59

Secretory diarrhea fecal osmotic gap

Answer 59

<50 mOsm/kg

Question 60

Osmotic diarrhea mechanism

Answer 60

Retention of water and electrolytes in large intestine

Question 61

Causes of osmotic diarrhea

Answer 61

Maldigestion, malabsorption, lactose intolerance, laxatives, antacids

Question 62

Diarrhea caused by altered motility

Answer 62

IBS, rapid gastric emptying, dumping syndrome