Synovial fluid Flashcards by pattie o.

Viscosity of synovial fluid is due to

Hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hyaluronic acid is produced by

Type B synoviocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions of synovial fluid

Lubricates joints, reduces friction, provides nutrients, lessens joint compression shock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Method of synovial fluid collection

Arthrocentesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal synovial fluid volume

<3.5 mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inflammation synovial fluid volume

> 25 mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tube for chemical and immunologic evaluation

Plain red top tube

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anticoagulant for synovial fluid for hematology

Sodium heparin/Liquid EDTA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Powder anticoagulants issue

Interference with crystal ID

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effect of refrigeration on synovial fluid

Causes additional crystals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tube for microbiological studies

Sterile anticoagulant tube (heparin or SPS)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Deeper yellow synovial fluid

Inflammation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Greenish synovial fluid

Bacterial infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Red synovial fluid

Traumatic tap or hemorrhagic arthritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Turbid synovial fluid

WBCs, synovial cell debris, or fibrin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Milky synovial fluid

Presence of crystals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal viscosity of synovial fluid

4-6 cm long

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal hyaluronic acid level

0.03-0.4 g/dL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ropes test reagent

2-5% acetic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ropes test: Solid clot

Good

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ropes test: Soft clot

Fair

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ropes test: Friable clot

Low

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ropes test: No clot

Poor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diluting fluids for synovial fluid

NSS with methylene blue, Hypotonic saline, Saline with saponin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effect of acetic acid on WBC diluting fluid

Causes clot formation

Action for very viscous synovial fluid

Add hyaluronidase

Predominant WBC in normal synovial fluid

65% monocytes and macrophages

Normal neutrophil percentage in synovial fluid

<25%

Normal lymphocyte percentage in synovial fluid

<15%

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for bacterial sepsis, crystal-induced inflammation

Neutrophil (PMN)

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for nonseptic inflammation

Lymphocyte

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for normal, viral inclusion

Macrophage (monocyte)

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for lupus erythematosus

LE cell

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for reactive arthritis

Reiter cell (neutrophage)

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for tuberculosis, septic, and rheumatoid arthritis

Rice bodies

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for rheumatoid arthritis and immunologic inflammation

RA cell (ragocyte)

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for onchronotic arthropathy, alkaptonuria, onchronosis

Onchronotic shards (ground pepper appearance)

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for osteoarthritis

Cartilage cells

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for normal, disruption of arthrocentesis

Synovial lining

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for traumatic injury, chronic inflammation

Fat droplets

Cell inclusion in synovial fluid for pigmented villonodular synovitis

Hemosiderin

Neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules containing precipitated rheumatoid factor

RA cell (ragocyte)

Crystal in synovial fluid with (+) birefringence seen in pseudogout

Calcium pyrophosphate

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in gout (needle-shaped)

Monosodium urate

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in extracellular with notched, rhombic plates

Cholesterol

Crystal in synovial fluid seen due to injections (flat, variable-shaped plates) (+/- birefringence)

Corticosteroid

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in renal dialysis (enveloped shape)

Calcium oxalate

Crystal in synovial fluid seen in osteoarthritis (small particles requiring EM) (no birefringence)

Apatite (calcium phosphate)

Detects presence or absence of birefringence

Polarizing microscope

Red compensator in polarizing microscope is placed where

Between crystal and analyzer

Control slide for MSU polarization is prepared using

Betamethasone acetate corticosteroid

MSU crystals run ___ to long axis and produce ___ birefringence and ___ color

Parallel; negative; yellow

Molecules of CPPD run ___ and produce ___ color and ___ birefringence

Perpendicular; blue; positive

Normal glucose level of synovial fluid

<10 mg/dL

Formula for glucose test in synovial fluid

Blood glucose - SF glucose

Normal value of lactate in synovial fluid

<25 mg/dL

Normal value of protein in synovial fluid

<3 g/dL

Normal value of uric acid in synovial fluid

Same as blood

Normal enzymes in synovial fluid

ACP, ALP, GGT, MURA, ADA, CD, LDH, AST (FOR RA)

Common organisms infecting synovial fluid

S. aureus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, N. gonorrhea

Laboratory findings for non-inflammatory synovial fluid

Clear, yellow; good viscosity; WBC: <1000/uL

Laboratory findings for inflammatory synovial fluid (immunologic)

Cloudy, yellow fluid; poor viscosity; WBC: 2,000-75,000/uL; >50% neutrophils; decreased glucose; (+) autoantibodies

Laboratory findings for inflammatory synovial fluid (crystal-induced)

Cloudy or milky; low viscosity; WBC: 100,000/uL; (+) crystals; decreased glucose

Laboratory findings for septic synovial fluid

Cloudy, yellow-green fluid; variable viscosity; WBC: 50,000-100,000/uL; >75% neutrophils; (+) culture and Gram stain

Laboratory findings for hemorrhagic synovial fluid

Cloudy, red fluid; low viscosity; (+) RBCs

Synovial fluid Flashcards

(65 cards)