Serous fluid

Question 1

Accumulation of fluid between membranes

Answer 1

Effusion

Question 2

Disruption of fluid production and regulation (not inflammatory)

Answer 2

Transudate

Question 3

Hypoproteinemia, CHF, Nephrotic syndrome effusion

Answer 3

Transudate

Question 4

Direct damage to the membrane (inflammation caused)

Answer 4

Exudate

Question 5

Transudate vs. Exudate: Fluid:serum protein ratio (most reliable) <0.5

Answer 5

Transudate

Question 6

Transudate vs. Exudate: Fluid:serum LD ratio (most reliable) <0.6

Answer 6

Transudate

Question 7

Pleural fluid cholesterol of exudate

Answer 7

> 45-60

Question 8

Serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) of transudate

Answer 8

≥1.1

Question 9

Rivalta’s test (+)

Answer 9

Exudate

Question 10

Recommended to detect transudate of hepatic origin

Answer 10

SAAG

Question 11

Method of collection for pleural fluid

Answer 11

Thoracentesis

Question 12

Method of collection for pericardial fluid

Answer 12

Pericardiocentesis

Question 13

Method of collection for ascitic fluid (peritoneal)

Answer 13

Paracentesis

Question 14

Turbid white pleural fluid

Answer 14

Microbial infection (TB)

Question 15

Brown color of pleural fluid

Answer 15

Rupture of amoebic liver abscess

Question 16

Black color of pleural fluid

Answer 16

Aspergillosis

Question 17

Milky color of pleural fluid

Answer 17

Chylous material, pseudochylous material

Question 18

Bloody color of pleural fluid

Answer 18

Hemothorax, hemorrhagic effusion

Question 19

Appearance of pseudochylous

Answer 19

Milky, green tinge/gold paint

Question 20

Increased lymphocytes in pleural fluid indicates

Answer 20

Chylous effusion

Question 21

Hemothorax distribution of blood

Answer 21

Uneven

Question 22

Hemothorax Hct value

Answer 22

Pleural fluid ≥1/2 of whole blood

Question 23

Hemorrhagic effusion hematocrit value

Answer 23

Pleural fluid < Whole blood

Question 24

Significance of neutrophil in pleural fluid

Answer 24

Pneumonia, pancreatitis, pulmonary infarction

Question 25

Significance of eosinophil in pleural fluid

Answer 25

Pneumothorax, hemothorax, allergic reaction, parasitic infections

Question 26

Significance of mesothelial cells in pleural fluid

Answer 26

Normal, reactive forms no sig, decreased in TB

Question 27

Adenosine deaminase in pleural fluid indicates

Answer 27

Malignancy, tuberculosis

Question 28

Amylase in pleural fluid indicates

Answer 28

Pancreatitis, esophageal rupture, malignancy

Question 29

Tumor marker for colon cancer

Answer 29

CEA

Question 30

Tumor marker for ovarian, metastatic uterine cancer

Answer 30

CA 125

Question 31

Tumor marker for breast cancer

Answer 31

CA 15-3, CA 549

Question 32

Tumor marker for lung cancer, breast cancer, urinary bladder cancer

Answer 32

CYFRA 21-1

Question 33

Green color of peritoneal ascitic fluid

Answer 33

Bile, pancreatic, gall bladder disorders

Question 34

Milky ascitic fluid

Answer 34

Lymphatic trauma and blockage

Question 35

Peritoneal lavage RBC count indicating blunt trauma

Answer 35

>100,000 RBCs/μL

Question 36

Glucose in peritoneal fluid

Answer 36

Tubercular peritonitis, malignancy

Question 37

Contains concentric striations of collagen-like material seen in benign conditions and associated with ovarian and thyroid carcinomas

Answer 37

Psammoma bodies