plant anatomy

Question 1

what are the three basic organs in angiosperms ?

Answer 1

leaves, stem, roots

Question 2

what are the regions of the stem from which leaves, buds, and stems arise?

Answer 2

nodes

Question 3

what are the regions of the stem between the nodes?

Answer 3

internode

Question 4

what are located at the tips of the stems and branches, they contain apical meristem ?

Answer 4

terminal buds

Question 5

what are located just above the junction of stem and leaf, and what do these give rise to?

Answer 5

axillary bud and these give rise to lateral branches

Question 6

what is the stalk of the leaf called?

Answer 6

petiole

Question 7

what is the part of the root that are branches that arise from meristems deep in the primary root?

Answer 7

secondary roots

Question 8

what is the name for the protective tissue layers that cover root tips?

Answer 8

root caps

Question 9

what is the name of the root that are short distances up the root from the root cap and are the principle structures for water and ion absoprtion?

Answer 9

root hairs

Question 10

what is the name for the little mouths on the stomata that look like they have “lips” of two?

Answer 10

guard cells

Question 11

what kind of ground tissue cell is large with thin walls, and function in photosynthesis, support, storage, and factor transfer?

Answer 11

parenchyma cell

Question 12

what is the most common kind of sclerenchyma cell, and what does it do?

Answer 12

fibers are the most common, and they reinforce veins, and supply sub epidermal support to the stem and leaves

Question 13

what kind of meristem is mitotically active in the buds/roots and affect elongation, what kind of growth is that (secondary or primary)?

Answer 13

apical meristem and that is primary growth

Question 14

what is kind of cambium is located bwteen the xylem and phloem in a woody shoot/root , this affect the thickness of the plant, what kind of growth is that (primary or secondary)?

Answer 14

vascular cambium and is it secondary growth

Question 15

what is the name of this layer of cells that affect increase in girth of non-wood plants and it produces secondary roots?

Answer 15

pericycle

Question 16

when looking at a dicot stem, what is the name of the region that is in between the epidermis and the vascular bundles ? what kind of cell is it mostly composed of?

Answer 16

cortex region and it is mostly composed of parenchyma cells

Question 17

what is the name of the layer under the cortex region that is packed with thin walled parenchyma?

Answer 17

pith

Question 18

where is the phloem located on a dicot stem to the xylem?

Answer 18

the phloem is outside and the xylem is inside

Question 19

in each vascular bundle the phloem half of the bundle has a bundle cap, what is found inside this bundle cap?

Answer 19

phloem conductive cells (sieve tube members and companion cells )

Question 20

does the phloem or xylem half have large round cells?

Answer 20

xylem

Question 21

what type of cells/tissues provides physical support to the vascular bundle and therefore to the stem?

Answer 21

parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells

Question 22

what is apart of a dicot root in the inner layer of the cortex and is where the water passage control into the vascular cylinder is?

Answer 22

endodermis

Question 23

what is the name of the main photosynth. cells that are in the parenchyma of the leaf and contains chloroplasts?

Answer 23

mesophyll

Question 24

what are vascular bundles of leaves called?

Answer 24

veins

Question 25

in a woody stems what is the name for the parenchyma cells in wedges ? what do these give rise to?

Answer 25

phloem rays, these give rise to lateral rays that extend through the wood layers

Question 26

where is the xylem located to the phloem in a woody plant? what are the distinct layers called?

Answer 26

the xylem is deep to the phloem layer and the distinct layers are called annual rings