plant reproduction lab and lecture notes

Question 1

what kingdom are the plants apart of?

Answer 1

kingdom plantae

Question 2

what are the three characteristics of plants?

Answer 2

multicellular ,eukaryotic ,autotrophs

Question 3

are plants motile or sessile, why?

Answer 3

sessile, they’re challenged in terms of fertilization and dispersal

Question 4

what kind of plant is mosses and ferns? (seedless or seed plants)?

Answer 4

seedless

Question 5

what is the Bryophyta and pterophyta?

Answer 5

mosses and ferns

Question 6

how are seedless plants fertilized and how are they dispersed ?

Answer 6

they are fertilized via swimming sperm and they are dispersed by spores

Question 7

what is a single cell with a protective coating?

Answer 7

spore

Question 8

what kind of plant is a conifer and flowering plants (seed or seedless)?

Answer 8

seed

Question 9

what is the coniferophyta and angiosperms / anthophyta ?

Answer 9

conifers and flowering plants

Question 10

what is the process of a seedless plant production ?

Answer 10

mature sporophyte (2n) generated spores (1n) via meiosis in the sporangia

the spore (n) devs. and does mitosis

mature gametophyte (1n) forms gametes in gametangia via mitosis. sperm and eggs then get fertilizaed

zygote (2n) then does mitosis and devs and the process then restarts

Question 11

in seed plants when a seed is developing what is the name of the specialized cells that have nutrients stored in them that the embryo gets nutrients from?

Answer 11

nutritive tissue or endosperm

Question 12

what is the name of the appendage that embryos use to absorb the nutrients?

Answer 12

cotyledons

Question 13

what is the term for a pre seed?

Answer 13

ovule

Question 14

how does a ovule begin ? (2n or 1n)

Answer 14

begins as a single cell

Question 15

what does sperm fertilize a seed?

Answer 15

via pollen tube

Question 16

what digests its way through maternal tissue to access the egg?

Answer 16

pollen tube

Question 17

what is pollen? is all pollen haploid or diploid ?

Answer 17

pollen is multicellular and has a protective coat and it is haploid

Question 18

what make the pollen multicellular ?

Answer 18

tube cells and sperm cells

Question 19

in conifers where are the ovules and pollen produced and how is it dispersed ?

Answer 19

it is produced in cones, and it uses the wind for pollination

Question 20

in angiosperms where is the ovules and pollen produced and how is it dispersed?

Answer 20

produced in flowers and animals are key pollinators for dispersal

Question 21

what is the term used for “phylum” in botany ?

Answer 21

division

Question 22

what is the term for when a plants factors are transported in specialized cellular tubes , also known as “veins”?

Answer 22

vascular bundles

Question 23

what is one difference relating to size between vascular and non-vascular plants?

Answer 23

vascular plants are typically big and tall, and non-vascular plants are small

Question 24

what is the name for the seedless plants life cycle involving two different types of plants in different generations?

Answer 24

alteration of generation

Question 25

what makes the spores, this is one of the types of plants?

Answer 25

sporophytes

Question 26

what makes the gametes (sperm and egg) , this is the other type of plant?

Answer 26

gametophytes

Question 27

what is the name of the spore producing organ? what is the name of the gamete producing organ?

Answer 27

sporangium gametangium

Question 28

what is the name of the male gametangium ? what is the name of the female gametangium?

Answer 28

antheridia archegonia

Question 29

what sporophytes and gametophytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 29

sporophytes are diploid gametophytes are haploid

Question 30

how do gametophytes make haploid gametes, where at does this happen?

Answer 30

they make haploid gametes via mitosis and in the gametangia

Question 31

how to sporophytes make haploid spores, where does this happen?

Answer 31

they make haploid spores via meiosis and in the sporangia

Question 32

are the Bryophyta vascular or non-vascular? what is the name of Bryophyta roots ?

Answer 32

they are non-vascular rhizoids

Question 33

what type of cell division occurs in the antheridium to make the sperm?

Answer 33

mitosis

Question 34

what type of cell division occurs in the sporangia to make the spores?

Answer 34

meiosis

Question 35

are the pterophyta vascular or non-vascular?

Answer 35

vascular

Question 36

what do you find on the bottom of leaves on ferns ? what is a cluster of these called?

Answer 36

sporangia and a cluster of these are called sori (sorus)

Question 37

what is the name for the "back bone" like series of cells found on the sporangia? what happens to these cells when the sporangium gets ripe and dry?

Answer 37

annulus , when the sporangium gets ripe and dry, the sporangium will tear and release spores

Question 38

in seed plants are the general body cells haploid or diploid? is the embryo in seeds haploid or diploid?

Answer 38

diploid diploid

Question 39

how does haploid sperm get delivered to female structures in seed plants?

Answer 39

the pollen, sperm containers

Question 40

what cell is found in the pollen, that constructs the pollen tube so the sperm can make it through the female tissue to reach the haploid egg in the ovule?

Answer 40

tube cell

Question 41

what is the name of a fertilized egg that is diploid?

Answer 41

it is a seed, goes from ovule to seed

Question 42

what do spores dev. into via mitosis ? what do they become?

Answer 42

protonemas , they become mature gametophytes

Question 43

what happens to the "mommy " gametophyte in seedless plants after the zygote turns into a young sporophyte ?

Answer 43

the "mommy " gametophyte dies and the young sporophyte will continue growing

Question 44

are coniferophyta vascular or non-vascular ? what is the term for where the pollen of conifers is formed? these are scaley structures and can be male/female.

Answer 44

they are vascular plants cones or strobili

Question 45

is pollen produced in male or female cones? what is the name of the scales that bear the two pollen sacs (chambers ) ? are the cells in these scales haploid or diploid , and what do they dev. into?

Answer 45

pollen is produced in male cones, the name of these scales are called staminate scales. these cells in the staminate scales are haploid via meiosis and they develop into pollen

Question 46

what is the name of the scales in female cones that have two integumentary chambers on the upper surface? are the cells in these chambers haploid or diploid? what do they form?

Answer 46

they are called ovuliferous scales these cells are haploid via meiosis and they proliferate to form the eggs/nutritive tissue cells of the ovules

Question 47

what is the name of the hole on a ovuliferous scale that leads to the ovule ? this is also where the pollen tube will grow to allow contact for the sperm to the egg

Answer 47

micropyle

Question 48

which type of plant (which generation) devs. into a spore?

Answer 48

gametophyte

Question 49

where does meiosis occur in seedless plants ?

Answer 49

in the sporangia

Question 50

in seedless plants gametes fuse to form which type ofmplant (which generation) ?

Answer 50

sporophyte

Question 51

In the antheridium, what type of cell division produces gametes ?

Answer 51

mitosis