plant structures, tissues, and components

Question 1

what is the basic layout of an angiosperm ? 4

Answer 1

leaves, buds, shoot, and root

Question 2

what are the two functions of roots?

Answer 2

anchors the plant and absorption of important factors (water, ions, phosphates, and nitrogenous compounds)

Question 3

what are the two root functions?

Answer 3

photosynthesis and sexual reproduction/dispersal

Question 4

what are the four functions that are shared by the root and shoot?

Answer 4

gas exchange via stomata or leticels, expulsion of metabolic wastes, hormone production, and asexual reproduction

Question 5

what is the name for the holes in leaves and green shoots?

Answer 5

stomata

Question 6

what is the name for the patches of gas permeable cells on roots/shoots?

Answer 6

lenticel

Question 7

what are the two basic components of a plant cell?

Answer 7

protoplast and cell wall

Question 8

what is the live part of the plant cell called?
what is the name of the part of the plant cell that is equivalent to the extra cellular matrix in animals ?

Answer 8

protoplast
cell wall

Question 9

what is the term for this plant organelle that is the sites of organic molecule formation, diagnostic of parenchyma cells?
what are parenchyma cells ?

Answer 9

plastids
most metabolically active plant cell

Question 10

what is the term for this plant organelle that stores water under (osmotic) pressure?
what is the benefit of the water pressure?

Answer 10

central vacuole
it provides hydrostatic support for non-wood plants

Question 11

rapid plant movements is a result of what? like a venus fly trap closing/opening

Answer 11

it is from changes of osmotic pressure in the vacuoles

Question 12

the central vacuole can hole 3 other things besides water, what are they?

Answer 12

holds pigments , like in petals
holds defensive compounds, can be harvested like spices
holds metabolic wastes

Question 13

what compose the cell walls of plants?

Answer 13

cellulose and protein weave

Question 14

what are there are two types of cell walls?

Answer 14

primary and secondary

Question 15

which cell wall is thin/flexible , found on young or speciality cells, and what is an example?

Answer 15

primary cell wall, and parenchyma cells are an example

Question 16

which cell wall is thick, can be reinforced with lignin?

Answer 16

secondary cell wall

Question 17

what is an organic molecule with high compressive strength?

Answer 17

lignin

Question 18

what glues cell walls together? with what?

Answer 18

they’re glued together by a middle lamella via pectin (polysaccharide)

Question 19

what are plant cells functionally united through? what are they?

Answer 19

via portals which are plasmodesmata

Question 20

what is the name of an opening between two cell walls ? for example between two sieve tube cells in vascular tissue of plant cells

Answer 20

pore

Question 21

what is the term for when there’s a tubular structure between two cell walls and theres space for diffusion, this promotes active transport for rapid factor exchange?

Answer 21

desmotubule

Question 22

what is the name for when the tubular structure in between two cell walls doesn’t have space for diffusion to occur?

Answer 22

minimal diffusion

Question 23

what are the two paths that let factors move through plants?

Answer 23

apoplastic and symplastic

Question 24

which path lets movement around cells with in cell walls and this is limited by the infusion of lignin and wax?

Answer 24

apoplastic

Question 25

which path allows movement of cell to cell via plasmodesmata? what is the name for when these cells are joined?

Answer 25

symplastic and they're called symplast

Question 26

what are the two general types of plant tissue?

Answer 26

meristems and differentiated tissue

Question 27

which kind of general plant tissue is composed of specialized cells, has limited meiosis and compose the bulk of the plant?

Answer 27

differentiated tissue

Question 28

which general plant tissue is mitotically active to effect plant growth, and is superficial to cells expanding in size ?

Answer 28

meristems

Question 29

which general plant tissue is composed of undifferentiated (embryonic) cells and hormone producing cells?

Answer 29

meristems

Question 30

what are the three types of meristems?

Answer 30

apical, lateral, and intercalary

Question 31

which kind of meristem is in the root tips and shoot buds, and causes elongation?

Answer 31

apical

Question 32

which kind of meristem encompasses roots/shoots lengthwise, and causes thickening?

Answer 32

lateral

Question 33

which kind of meristem is at the base of leaves to accommodate grazing? like im grasses

Answer 33

intercalary

Question 34

what are the two hormones secreted by meristems?

Answer 34

cytokinins and auxins

Question 35

which hormone from the meristem is from the root tips and stimulate mitosis ?

Answer 35

cytokinins

Question 36

which hormone from the meristem stimulates cell enlargement and elongation after mitosis, has cell differentiation, and tropisms ?

Answer 36

auxins

Question 37

what is responsible for directional growth to a stimulus ? (assos with auxin)

Answer 37

tropism

Question 38

what is the kind of tropism that is in shoots and the auxin causes elongation of cells in shade and will cause the plant to grow towards light?

Answer 38

positive phototropism

Question 39

what is the kind of tropism that is in shoots and it makes the shoot grow against gravity?

Answer 39

negative gravitropism

Question 40

does auxin affect the roots and shoots the same?

Answer 40

no, it has opposite effects on the roots and shoots

Question 41

what is the term for when there's a "leader" apical meristem that inhibits branch apical meristems and this can effect plant height/shape?

Answer 41

apical dominance

Question 42

regarding to pollination what is the term for when the egg ovule is fertilized? what is the precursor for fertilization?

Answer 42

pollination two fold nutritive tissue

Question 43

after pollination what does the following turn into: ovule to endosperm ovary to

Answer 43

ovule to seed endosperm increases ovary to fruit

Question 44

what are the two types of fruits?

Answer 44

dry and fleshy

Question 45

which type of fruit has shell? which type of fruit has a soft inside and is a biological bribe to animals ?

Answer 45

dry fruit fleshy fruit

Question 46

what are the two types of angiosperms ?

Answer 46

monocot and dicot

Question 47

what is the difference between monocots and dicots ?

Answer 47

monocots have one cotyledon (example corn), and dicots have two cotyledons (example beans)