Post Assessment Review - 2 Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
The Intolerable Acts were a response to what event?
A
Boston Tea Party
2
Q
Describe the living conditions for the peasants. Give specific examples.
A
They lived in one room houses with dirt floors, mud walls, and thatch roofs.They were usually hungry, and frequently starved if the weather was not goodThey usually had one or two sets of clothes, and had to make everything they had in the homeWorked from sun up to sundown every day but Sunday
3
Q
What happened to Germany’s military?
A
It was reduced to 100,000 troops with no air force, navy or tanks
4
Q
What is social darwinism?
A
Applies ideas of “Survival of the Fittest” to humans
5
Q
What are some examples of cash crops?
A
Spices, tea, cotton, opium, tobacco, rubber, chocolate, coffee, etc.
6
Q
Why is leader worship successful?
A
-People will make sacrifices for religion -The leader gets to be unquestioned no matter what
7
Q
Explain the slogan of the Bolsheviks?
A
-Peace - Getting out of WWI-Land - Giving land to the peasants-Bread - Providing food to all
8
Q
What was the holodomor?
A
Stalin’s program of taking food from Ukraine as punishment for rebelling. It killed over 6 million people in less than a year.
9
Q
What was the final trigger that started the French Revolution?
A
A drought killed crops, making bread too expensive to buy
10
Q
What effect did he have on Africa?
A
He gave the Europeans the reason to invade Africa “to stop slavery,” but really they just were looking for a reasons to take over.
11
Q
What were the three underlying causes of the Great depression in the US?
A
-Too many people relied on credit to buy goods-Inequality of wealth -The banking system collapsed, taking with it people’s money
12
Q
In Shooting an Elephant, who was represented by the coolie?
A
All the native people living under colonial rule
13
Q
Why did Germany purposely hyperinflate their economy?
A
To pay back their reparations
14
Q
What is absolute rule?
A
A government where the ruler had total authority, and there were no limits on what they were allowed to do.
15
Q
What is leader worship?
A
Replacing organized religion with worship of the dictator
16
Q
What is the goal of communism?
A
The government work to ensure equality for all people
17
Q
What is Propaganda?
A
- Biased or false information used to sway people to accept the government’s views-Stress the positives of the government and the negatives of their opponents
18
Q
Who was NOT involved in making the treaty?
A
Germany and Russia
19
Q
In a communist country, who would control all of the goods, factories, businesses, money, etc?
A
The government
20
Q
Describe the problems of housing for low wage workers during the Industrial revolution.
A
No building codesNo national free educationVery poor police protectionStreets had no drains and were piled high with wasteWidespread diseasePoor conditions were due to the fast pace of population growth in cities and government’s unwillingness to address the problems
21
Q
How did we gather information AFTER the Scientific Revolution?
A
We tested our ideas, and came to conclusions about the world based on the research
22
Q
During the dark ages, whose happiness was the most important? Afterwards?
A
Kings and Queens, afterwards it was the common people
23
Q
How did the fighting in WWI differ from previous wars in Europe?
A
more defensive now, new technologies caused more deaths and trench. more people are fighting.
24
Q
Explain what the enclosure movement was.
A
Rich farmers bought up the common land, and fenced it off so smaller farmers were not able to use it
25
What is hyperinflation?
Rapid increase in value of money
26
What was the main thing the Europeans cared about when dividing up Africa?
What resources they could get
27
Why would Kings of Europe hate John Locke’s ideas?
They did not want to protect rights, and John Locke was urging people to overthrow them
28
What treaty brought the war to a close?
Treaty of Versailles
29
How was Imperialism viewed different by the colonizer and the colonized?
-Europeans viewed it as helping the natives-The natives viewed it as an invasion and a theft of all their resources
30
What did Thomas Malthus believe in?
Believed population grows faster than food supplyThought we should expect more war, famine and disease to lower populationOverpopulation would lead to everyone being miserable
31
What were the negative effects of Imperialism in Africa?
-Many Africans were killed through rebellions against the Europeans, diseases, and on plantations and mines-Africans lost all the value of the resources of their continent-Created decades of conflict because the national borders did not align with tribal borders, which leads to modern day civil wars
32
What is a totalitarian government?
A government, usually with one leader, that takes total control of all aspects of public and private life.
33
How did Stalin use police state to control the public?
Had gulags to throw prisoners in, used secret police,
34
What is the only quality that all 3rd estate members shared?
None had political power, and they all had to pay taxes
35
In Shooting an Elephant, how was imperialism bad for the Europeans as well?
It forced the Europeans to act in a way that was bad. They had to be cruel in order to maintain control, which isn’t how they would choose to be otherwise.
36
What was the role of the Catholic Church?
-The Catholic Church decided who got to be a king or queen.-They could keep being king as long as their people were Catholic, they paid the church . If a King didn’t do that, they would replace him
37
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To make sure there weren’t any European vs. European wars over African land
38
What was the Weimar Republic?
Democracy put into place by Treaty of Versailles, enforced by the Allies of WWI. Got rid of Germans monarchy.
39
What is an Estate?
French social system/classes
40
What kind of government style did Russia have before its revolutions?
Monarchy
41
How effective was gas in the war?
not very effective. killed less 1% of total deaths
42
What are the basic ideas of capitalism?
People should own and control all businesses, with government only setting ground rules to make it fair. The businesses would rely on the “invisible hand” to make their decisions.
43
What are 3 economic problems that France had before the Revolution?
-The government was bankrupt, and had already taxed the 3rd estate the limit-France helped the colonists in the American Revolution-Too much money spent by Louis and Marie Antoinette (the King and Queen)
44
How did the Great Depression affect regular people in Germany?
lost their jobs, their savings in the bank.
45
What is the white man's burden?
-Europeans felt that it was their responsibility to help “civilize” the native peoples-Helped to justify all the negative things the Europeans were doing in the colonies
46
Explain the 5 reasons out of 8 for why England was first to industrialize.
Plenty of energy with rivers and coal to run the machinesLarge amounts of natural resources like iron ore for building machines, and raw materials like cotton and woolRivers to transport materials and finished goodsLarge harbors to handle all the new trade were already builtStable economy and government allowed businesses to growAlready had a global trade network to sell goods toLarge urban population with no other options to work in the factories for little pay
47
Why did Gavrilo Princip assassinate Ferdinand?
He was trying to free Bosnia from Austria-Hungary, and thought they would join with his native Serbia
48
How indirect rule work in India?
Indian princes got to remain alive and be rich and powerful if they agreed to do what the English wanted them to do. The English wouldn’t really have to do much, but still gain a lot of money.
49
How did Robert Owen try to fix the problems during the Industrial Revolution?
Tried to create a utopian town, that was meant to be perfect place to live and work and everyone would be considered equal.
50
Marie Antoinette
Last Queen of France
51
What concepts were discovered during the Scientific Revolution?
The Earth rotates around the sun, the body is made of cells, scientific method, etc.
52
What are the major beliefs of Fascism?
- Based on extreme loyalty to one leader and to the “nation” over the individual
- Strong countries are better
- countries, and need a strong military to conquer lesser countries-Individualism and liberalism enable dangerous decadence and have a negative effect on the group.-A strong sense of community or brotherhood, brought together by the belief they are victims.
53
What were the positive effects of imperialism in Africa?
-The Europeans did pay for some roads, railroads, and modern healthcare. -Tribal fighting did mostly stop while the Europeans were there.
54
What is the incentive to work hard in capitalism?
Provides incentives for hard work and new ideas in the form of money
55
What is Mercantilism?
A Country uses their colonies to make money for the mother country, by providing raw materials and buying finished goods
56
What are five words that would describe the lifestyle of the second class, especially Louis and Marie Antoinette?
Answers may vary (Rich, Expensive, Unnecessary, Unequal, “Over the top”, etc)
57
What evidence is there that the Soviet industrial and agricultural revolutions were successful?
Iron, coal, and steel production increased. Wheat production doubled.
58
Why was Bloody Sunday so damaging to the czar?
Riots broke out nationwide, and Nicholas never regained full control or the trust of his people
59
What is a union?
Group of workers who join together to force employers to give them better pay, hours, and conditions
60
According to John Locke, what is a government’s main concern?
To protect natural rights of their citizens
61
Describe how unions gained rights and better conditions for their workers.
Unions have gained many reforms through collective bargaining – negotiations between employers and the businessIf that fails, workers can go on strike, which means refusing to work until an agreement has been reached
62
Describe what life was like before the Industrial Revolution? (Where did people work, how did we make our stuff, etc?)
Most people lived on small farms and grew crops to eatMost work was done in the home or was done by hand by an artisan
63
Where were the trenches (which front, and describe the area of the world)?
Western front/ in France
64
What was artillery used for?
To destroy trenches and kill the people in them
65
What are four methods that dictators use to control their people?
CensorshipPropagandaLeader WorshipPolice State
66
What was the effect of the War Guilt Clause on Germany?
It made Germany admit they were fully responsible for WWI, and therefore had to pay to fix everything
67
What was the War Guilt Clause?
It made Germany admit they were fully responsible for WWI
68
What things did the first and second estates have in common?
Both had political power and were very wealthy, but did not pay any taxes
69
In what ways was King Louis to blame for the French Revolution?
-Had lousy leadership-Wasn’t interested in ruling the country-Never did anything about the economy until it was too late
70
What were the Haitians fighting for in their revolution?
Natural Rights
71
What is a cash crop?
A crop that is grown to sell for money, not for eating
72
What problems did the Europeans have trying to take over Africa before the Industrial Revolution?
-Rough terrain including deserts, mountains, jungles and no maps-Rivers were too rough to navigate-Equal weapons (muskets) which Africans got from trading slaves-Malaria, other diseases killed Europeans
73
How many troops died overall? Which side had more killed?
8.5 million, the Allies
74
Describe what a police state is.
Control your country through the use of fear. Used spies, bugging houses, and concentration camps to make people fearful.
75
What is direct rule?
Europeans operated all government positions and controlled all decisions
76
Where did Toussaint L’ouverture get his ideas that he used in the Haitian rebellion?
They were the same ideas as the French Revolution, Enlightenment ideas
77
What was a common feature between all the Capitalist reforms?
They did not actually want to change the system, used excuse to justify why it was broken. They blamed the poor people for the problems.
78
What does The White Man’s burden say about how Europeans view themselves?
Made them feel like they were actually helping the people in the colonies by giving them “culture and civilization” and not just stealing their resources
79
In Shooting an Elephant, what was represented by the elephant?
Imperialism
80
Which were the first two countries to go to war?
Austria-Hungry and Serbia
81
Why did the Russians get out of the war early?
They were undersupplied in weapons since they are not industrialized and their citizens revolted and wanted to stop fighting in the war.
82
What were the Intolerable Acts?
- Boston Port Bill - Shut down Boston Harbor-Massachusetts Government Act - Disbanded the elected governments
- Administration of Justice Act - Allowed British officials and troops who were accused of killing people to go to England for court instead of the colonies.
- Quartering Act - Colonists were forced to pay for British soldiers’ housing, including
83
Explain the social reasons Europeans gave for wanting colonies.
-Europeans felt that it was their responsibility to help “civilize” the native peoples-Spread European culture, which included things like sanitation, healthcare, education, technology-Spread Christianity
84
How did Austria-Hungary respond to the killing of their prince?
Declared war on Serbia
85
Explain how the Enlightenment ideas inspired the American Revolution.
John Locke thought that a government was only supposed to be around to protect natural rights, and if it didn’t it should be overthrown. England was only trying to make itself richer, and wasn’t protecting our rights (the Navigation Acts, the Stamp Act, not allowed us to govern ourselves, forcing us to house their troops, etc.)
86
Explain what the crop rotation was.
Planting different crops each year to replenish soil, which grew more food per acre
87
Did his ideas come true? Why or why not.
No, because we created technology that allowed for humans to make large amounts of food. (high yield grains)
88
What does hands off mean in the economy?
No government involvement in the economy
89
Besides the death rate, what are two other effects of WWI?
Governments were destroyed, towns are destroyed, farms destroyed, anything else we talked about.
90
What are the three Natural Rights? Explain each one
-Life - Your right to be alive -Liberty - Your right to do whatever you want, as long as it doesn’t hurt others-Property - Your right to own and control things, and no one can take them from your without permission
91
Explain how the invisible hand works and an example of it.
Invisible Hand - the collective decisions of all consumers informs businesses of what to make without the need for governments involvementPicnic pants vs the charger
92
How did unrestricted submarine warfare help to draw the US into the war?
Germans changed from targeting supply ships, to targeting passenger ships and trying to kill civilians, which turned Americans against them
93
What was “Divine Right?”
Kings get to rule because “God said so”
94
How large was the 3rd estate, and what kind of jobs did these people have?
97% total17% were in the “upper 3rd” and were merchants, doctors, lawyers, business owners, etc.80% were poor peasant farmers
95
which Countries were in the Allied Powers
France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, U.s
96
What major changes took place because of the Industrial Revolution?
Machines began doing more work for people instead of muscle power People began to work outside of the home, and buy things that were mass produced in a factory
97
In your own words, describe what the Enlightenment was.
The Enlightenment was an explosion of ideas that focused on individual rights, better government, and science
98
What does The White Man’s burden say about how Europeans view the native people in colony?
They viewed the natives as almost child-like, and not able to look after themselves.
99
What were the professions and sizes of the 1st and 2nd estates?
1st - 1%, Priests2nd - 2% Royalty
100
What are the four M.A.I.N. causes of World War I?
Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, and Nationalism
101
What were the negative effects of imperialism on India?
-Use of cash crop plantation led to starvation-Didn’t get value of resourcesWere not allowed to learn how to govern-Lost independence and were treated like children
102
Why is Karl Marx an important person in history?
He wrote the ideas in the communist manifesto, which laid the groundworks for the ideas of communism
103
What happened to religion after the French Revolution?
Tried to erase Catholicism and start a “Religion of VIRTUE”
104
List the 7 reasons why England was the first to industrialize.
Plenty of rivers and coalLarge amounts of natural resources like coal and cottonEngland had lots of riversLarge harbors already builtStable economy and governmentAlready had a global trade networkLarge urban population with no other options
105
What were the positive effects of imperialism on India?
-Large railroad network and paved roads-Linked India to the industrialized world-Better health, education, and technology
106
Who owns the factors of production in capitalism and makes decisions?
The people/ consumers/ business
107
Who was invited to the conferences? Who was left out- why?
Africa, because they were not considered important
108
How did the Soviet economy (businesses, etc) run on Communist principles?
The government owned and operated all businesses and farms. They also controlled everyone’s labor.
109
What did Germany use submarines for?
Sinking supply ships
110
What did the new Jacobin-led government promise to do in France?
They were going to have the most “Enlightenment” government ever. All based on science, and equality.
111
How many people ended up being killed during the Reign of Terror? How many were peasants?
40,000 and about 85% came from the 3rd estate
112
How did the Catholic church respond to the Scientific Revolution ?
They threatened, tortured, or killed scientists who refused to take back their research.
113
Why does police state work to keep people in line.
People are so scared of the secret police, that they never question anything.
114
What is an example of Capitalism in your regular life?
Examples: -More people want to have organic food, so Kroger and Walmart are offering more options. -More people would rather stream their entertainment, so cable companies and DVD sales are declining.-People did not want to buy picnic pants, and so that company went bankrupt.
115
Describe the daily life of a peasant.
Peasants lived on land owned by a ruler, and farmed most days in order to survive. They ate what they grew, and were at the mercy of the weather. Most were incredibly poor, had very few rights, and made almost everything they owned.
116
What problems are there with the theories of communism?
No incentives for hard work or inventions
117
What was one effect from Imperialism on European countries?
They became far wealthier than the rest of the world
118
How did imperialism contribute to the start of WWI?
Germany wanted to get colonies, and England and France wanted to keep theirs. The winner would get control of all of them
119
How did US help Germany with hyperinflation?
Loaned Germany A LOT of US money to pump into their economy, to stop hyperinflation.
120
What were the solutions to these problems that the Industrial Revolution changed?
-Railroads allowed the Europeans to move troops and supplies in and around Africa quickly-Steamboats could against the current and allowed the Europeans to move troops and supplies in and around Africa quickly and safely on water-The Maxim Gun was the first true machine gun which the Europeans used against the African people-Anti-Malaria drug called Quinine was introduced to Europeans in Africa. Made malaria survivable, and lessened the symptoms
121
How did Stalin use censorship to control the public?
He cut people out of pictures, “unpersoned” those who crossed him, and wouldn't’ let any bad news about his government be printed.
122
What were the Russians fighting for in their Civil War?
-They were fighting over who would be the new government in Russia-It was a fight between the Red Army (the Communists) and the White Armies (who didn’t want communism)
123
How did Enlightenment ideas helped bring about the French Revolution?
John Locke thought that a government was only supposed to be around to protect natural rights, and if it didn’t it should be overthrown. French peasants were only used to make the king richer, and the government was taking away the rights of the peasants. (Taking their food, no freedoms of speech or religion, executing peasants without a trial for small crimes.)
124
Explain one long term effect of Imperialism still seen in Africa today.
They are poorer because they never got the value of all their resources, they still have a lot of wars as the ethnic groups separate from each other.
125
In what ways did WWI lead to the end of the Russian monarchy?
- Russia lost over 2 million troops, and almost 1 million civilians in the war.-Food was scarce because it was mostly going to the military-People were furious with the government and eventually the Czar had to step down
126
What is militarism?
Countries’ focus on having giant, powerful militaries
127
What type of governing structure was used during the dark ages?
Monarchy
128
In Shooting an Elephant, who was represented by the narrator?
England, or other Europeans nations that were colonizing
129
What happened to Robespierre?
After he turned on his own inner circle, he was accused of being an enemy of the revolution and was beheaded
130
What issues were there with the factories in the Soviet Union?
In order to meet the quotas, work days were often 16 hours, 76 days a week. Secret police operated the factories and killed anyone who wasn’t work hard enough. Focused mostly on making heavy industry goods, instead of household goods.
131
What was the other effect gas had on soldiers?
caused blistering of the skin, long-lasting effects/scars on the body
132
How did Hitler use the Great Depression to take power?
he used fear and anger at the government to convince them he was the only one that was able to fix it
133
Describe the ideas of socialism?
Governments would improve the lives of all peopleThe government would guide the economy instead of hoping for the “Invisible Hand” to workMajor industries that are important to the health of the nations, such as energy, banking, and transportation would be controlled by the governmentAll other businesses would be owned by individuals
134
Was the French Revolution a success?
Serves us a lesson on how DEMOCRACY can go wrongKNOWLEDGE must not be replaced with FEAR and IGNORANCEProtection for the MINORITY and OPPOSITION is crucial
135
What is indirect rule?
Europeans allowed Indian princes to remain in power, as long they paid the Europeans taxes
136
What was Maximilien Robespierre able to do because he was the head of the Commission of Public Safety?
allowed him to decide who was an “Enemy of the revolution”
137
Explain what effect the previous two inventions had on the causes of industrial revolution.
Enclosure movement - Forced a lot the farmer to move to the cities, where they were the workforce for factoriesCrop rotation - Even with fewer farmers, this allowed the remaining ones to produced enough food for everyone
138
What positive changes have happened in our world as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
No more child laborShorter work hours and the entire idea of the weekendBetter paySafer conditionsMinimum wage, workers’ compensation, and overtime
139
Describe the working conditions of low wage workers
12 hour work days, 6 days a weekPaid 1 to 5 dollars per dayIncredibly dangerousNo minimum wage, worker’s compensation, or overtimeBusiness allowed to regulate businessesGovernment in the US at the time believed in extreme hands-off principlesAllowed businesses to gain huge profits and make owners incredibly wealthy while workers remained incredibly poor
140
What are collective farms?
Massive government owned and operated farms.
141
Who did the Jacobins blame for the problems in France?
The Wealthy
142
What are ways that you could be killed in a trench? (5)
Sniper fire, machine guns, artillery attacks, cave-ins, poison gas, disease, shell shock
143
What were the workers asking for on Bloody Sunday?
-Better work hours, conditions, and pay-Free Healthcare-Parliament and voting rights-Freedom of speech, association, press, and religion-End of fighting in their war with Japan
144
How did the factories operate in the Soviet Union?
The government decided what to make, how it was made, and who worked there.
145
Explain the economic reasons for Europeans to want colonies
-They would take resources to use for industrializing without paying for them-Colonies were used as a market to sell the goods Europeans produced in factories-Control of trade routes which allows your ships to resupply and you can charge other countries to use your stops
146
In what ways can you still see the impact of the Enlightenment on the United States government?
We have a government that focuses on protecting its citizens’ happiness. Voting rights, freedoms of speech religion, press, etc. 3 branches of government, trial by jury, no illegal search and seizure, capitalism.
147
What was the problem with this solution?
Tied Europeans economy to the United States economy
148
Who was involved in making the treaty to end the war?
United States, Italy, Great Britain, France
149
What is “no man’s land”?
The land between the trenches
150
What were the failures of Stalin as a leader?
He was responsible for the deaths of millions of his people\Totalitarian life in Germany
151
What countries did South America try to copy when setting up their own new governments?
The United States, France, and Haiti
152
How did Stalin use leader worship to control the public?
Built statues of himself, had religious songs written about him
153
What was trying to accomplish?
He wanted to end the last parts of the slave trade by finding a river that cut all the way through, which would bring trade and “civilization”
154
What were the complex web of alliances in Europe supposed to stop?
wars from happening in Europe
155
How did Stalin use propaganda to control the public?
He hung posters of how great the Soviet Union was, had songs about himself, wrote all the books, made children’s cartoons, etc.
156
Describe what Imperialism is.
When a powerful country takes over a less powerful country and dominates their politics, economics, and social life.
157
Toussaint L’ouverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution
158
Who was David Livingston?
First European to explore much of the interior of Africa. He come out with stories about the resources and people who lived there, which gave Europeans their first glimpses of the inner parts of Africa.
159
What problems did collective farming have?
People didn’t want to work on them, and sabotaged the work. Millions were killed when they resisted work.
160
What is a social contract?
The agreement that citizens would give up some rights and accept the government as legitimate in order for the government to maintain control
161
Explain how Social Darwinism justified the condition of the poor classes.
Poor people are poor because they are not as advanced as rich people
162
In what TWO ways the did the American Revolution help to cause the French Revolution?
-France spent so much money helping us, that they ruined their own economy-The successes of our revolution, and the government that followed were an inspiration to France
163
What was the French army used for during the Reign of Terror?
They were used to tax people’s food and land
164
What happened to Germany's colonies?
They were split between the winning allied countries
165
Louis XV
Last king of France
166
How did the US get out of the Great Depression?
we paid people to do jobs to pump money into the economy , plant trees, build schools etc.
167
What is nationalism?
Intense pride in your country
168
Why were Germans mad at the Treaty of Versailles?
Made Germany pay reparations to France, guilt for the war, no more military, lost their lands. MADE THEM WEAK
169
How did the Scientific Revolution weaken the Catholic Church?
Some of the teachings of the Catholic Church began to be proven incorrect by science, and people began to question more and more of the teachings
170
What are the propaganda techniques ?
-Bandwagon-Name-Calling-Emotional Words-Fear-Plain Folks
171
Why were machine guns important?
They were so good at defending, they forced soldiers to dig trenches to keep from getting shot.
172
What was the purpose of aircraft originally in the war?
To gather information about the enemy (reconnaissance)
173
What is censorship? Why does it work?
- Stops any damaging information from being public-People don’t get mad about things they don’t know about.
174
Describe what is meant by natural laws.
The idea that certain rights are given to us by nature/God, and they shouldn’t be ever taken away by a government
175
What was the name of the terrorist organization that killed Franz Ferdinand?
The Black Hand
176
How did nationalism contribute to the start of WWI? (two ways)
-Made countries feel superior and were sure they would win a war-Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in an attempt to free Bosnia from Austria-Hungary
177
What did they ignore while dividing up Africa?
Ethnic and cultural boundaries
178
What is Trench foot?
A disease that happens when feet are too moist and get infected and rot
179
What new ideas were there about how governments should be run?
Citizens should vote on their leaders, 3 branches of government, citizens should have the right to a fair trial, free speech, religious freedoms, women should be treated as equals according to the law
180
What was the main thing the Europeans cared about when dividing up Africa?
What resources they could get
181
Who took over after Lenin died?
Josef Stalin
182
According to John Locke, what is a government’s main concern?
If a government doesn’t protect natural rights, they should be overthrown
183
What were the successes of Stalin as a leader?
He was able to maintain power for decades.He took a backwards country and turned it into a military and industrial of the United States
184
How did we gather information before the Scientific Revolution?
All knowledge came from the ancient Greeks and Romans or the Bible
185
How did the Great Depression affect the rest of the world?
When our economy stopped, we stopped loaning money to Germany, which collapsed their economies. They were then unable to pay France and Britain, which collapsed their economies.
186
Maximilien Robespierre
Leader of the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror
187
Which countries were in the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire
188
What was the original purpose for tanks?
To transport troops across no man’s land without getting shot
189
what is a czar?
Russian word for king
190
Describe the social classes in South America before the Enlightenment.
NATIVE peoples and AFRICAN slaves were the lowest class of peopleThey had no RIGHTS and were treated terriblyEuropeans were WEALTHY and controlled the entire continent
191
What did Karl Marx see as the biggest cause of the problems of industrialization?
Created two groups of people, the haves who are the wealthy business owners who did not pay their workers anything, and the have-nots who are the workers. They have nothing because of the haves.
