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2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM > post lab discussion 3 & 4 > Flashcards

post lab discussion 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ethanol is an example of what type of alcohol

A

primary alcohol

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2
Q

isopropanol is an example of what type of alcohol

A

secondary alcohol

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3
Q

tert-butanol is an example of what type of alcohol

A

tertiary alcohol

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4
Q

what is the formula of benzyl alcohol

A

C6H5CH2OH

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5
Q

what is the formula of phenol

A

C6H6O or C6H5OH

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6
Q

what type of reaction is Baeyer’s test

A

oxidation reaction

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7
Q

what is the test for baeyer’s test

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons or
1 degree and 2 degree alcohols

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8
Q

what is the reagents used for Baeyer’s reaction

A

Aq Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)

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9
Q

what colour is the aq Potassium Permanganate

A

purple

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10
Q

what is the positive result of Baeyer’s test

A

disappearance of purple color in solution and formation of brown precipitate

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11
Q

strong/ weak oxidation of ___ alcohols using ____

A

strong oxidation
primary and secondary alcohols
KMnO4

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12
Q

what kind of reaction is jones test

A

oxidation reaction

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13
Q

what is the test for jones test

A

primary and secondary alcohols

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14
Q

what kind of test is compatible for primary and secondary alcohols

A

jones test
Baeyer’s test

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15
Q

what reagents are used for jones test

A

jones reagent: chromic acid (composed of K2Cr2O7 dissolved in H2SO4)

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16
Q

what is the color of the jones reagent

A

dark orange

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17
Q

what is the positive result for jones test

A

production of blue to green colored-product

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18
Q

in baeyer’s test, the primary alcohols products are

A

aldehyde or carboxylic acid

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19
Q

how is aldehydes formed in Baeyer’s test

A

by replacing 1 C-H bond by 1 C-O bond

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20
Q

how is carboxylic acid formed in Baeyer’s test

A

by replacing 2 C-H bonds by 2 C-O bonds

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21
Q

in baeyer’s test, the secondary alcohols products are

A

ketone

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22
Q

how is ketone formed in Baeyer’s test

A

by replacing 1 C-H bond by 1 C-O bond

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23
Q

in jones test, the secondary alcohols products are

A

ketone + water + intense blue to green - 2Cr2(SO4)3

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24
Q

in jones test, the primary alcohols products are

A

carboxylic acid + water + intense blue to green - 2Cr2(SO4)3

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25
what is the test for lucas test
to distinguish the classifications of alcohols: tertiary alcohols - fast secondary alcohols - slow
26
what is the reagents used in lucas test
concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and zinc chloirde (ZnCl2)
27
what is the positive result for lucas test
appearance of a cloudy layer or emulsion
28
which alcohol in the lucas test that the solution turns turbid and forms an emulsion immediately
tertiary alcohols
29
which alcohol in the lucas test that the solution turns turbid and forms an oily layer in three to five minutes
secondary alcohols
30
in lucas test, the secondary alcohols. it turns turbid and forms an ___ layer in ___ to ___ minutes
oily layer 3 to 5 min
31
what is the test for ferric chloride
phenol
32
what are the reagents used for ferric chloride test
aq iron (III) chloride (FeCl3)
33
what is the positive result for ferric chloride test
purple ring at the interface
34
what is the chemical equation of ferric chloride test
3ArOH + FeCl3 -----> Fe(OAr)3 (colored complex)
35
phenols can also react with
baeyer's test jones reagent = produce diff color
36
it undergo a different reaction mechanism with that of alcohols.
phenols
37
it is the “pulling out” of a substance from one phase by another phase
extraction
38
the term is usually used to describe the removal of a desired compound from a solid or liquid mixture using a solvent
extraction
39
extraction is usually used to describe the removal of a desired compound from a____ mixture using a ____
solid or liquid solvent
40
what are the steps of the extraction
1. shake aq solvent and organic solvent - to allow molecules to partition 2. phases settle and separate with gravity
41
it refers to an extraction of an organic compound from one liquid phase using another liquid
liquid- liquid extraction
42
Liquid-liquid extraction refers to an extraction of an ______ from one liquid phase using another ____
organic compound liquid
43
it is the most commonly used device from liquid-liquid extraction
separatory funnel
44
in the separatory funnel, why is the mixture shaken with frequent venting
to remove the pressure
45
if there is H present, what reaction can occur
oxidation reaction
46
how to use a separatory funnel
1. aq solution and extracting solvent are mixed inside 2. mixture is shaken with frequent venting 3. after the 2 layers have separated, the lower layer is drained into a vessel
47
what is extracted from the separatory funnel? liquid with lower or higher density
higher density first then the lower density
48
it is physiologically active nitrogen containing compounds that can be extracted from plants using aqueous acid
alkaloid
49
alkaloid can be extracted from plants using
aqueous acid
50
alkaloids are ___
amines
51
alkaloids forms_____ when treated with _____
water soluble salt acids
52
what is an example of alkaloid
caffeine
53
it belongs to a family of naturally occurring stimulants known as xanthines
caffeiene
54
caffeine belongs to a family of naturally occurring stimulants known as
xanthines
55
caffeine has the ability to
increase alertness reduce sleepiness increase the ability to think
56
caffeine is a vasodilator that...
relexes the blood vessels
57
caffeine is diuretic that....
induces urination
58
caffeine is ____that induces urination
diuretic
59
caffeine is a ______ that relaxes the blood vessels
vasodilator
60
caffeine can be found in
beverage (coffee, tea, cocoa, choco milk, soft drinks)
61
tea leaves contain ....
caffeine cellulose pigments and chlorophylls tannins
62
it is a high-molecular weight phenolic compounds.
tannins
63
tannins are a high-molecular weight ____ compounds.
phenolic
64
what is/ are water soluble? caffeine or tannins
both
65
what is range melting point of caffeine
227-228 degree celcius
66
is caffeine weakly basic or strongly basic
weakly basic
67
caffeine is moderately soluble in ____ but very soluble in ____
water (22mg/ml) boiling water (670mg/ml)
68
extracting caffeine from tea leaves by
decoction
69
it is a halogenated organic solvent, polar but not soluble in water
dichloromethane
70
dichloromethane is a ____, polar but not ____ in water.
halogenated organic solvent soluble
71
tannins are weakly ____
acidic
72
tannins can be separated from caffeine by converting them to ___ using ____
water-soluble salts sodium carbonate
73
what are the disadvantages of converting tannins to salts
they bcm anionic surfactants surfactants allow water-insoluble materials to form an emulsion with H2O (emulsion may be avoided by shaking gently. not vigorously)
74
how to remove the emulsion
1. make the aq layer highly ionic by adding sodium chloride 2. centrifugation - breaking small scale emulsion
75
it is toxic and carcinogen
(DCM) dichloromethane
76
DCM is toxic thus need to ___ under the fume hood
evaporate
77
what is the structure of the caffeine
search it up lol
78
if you shake the separatory funnel too vigorously, more ___ thus making it hard to ____
emulsion separate
79
what is the residue when u evaporate the DCM under the fume hood
crude caffeine
80
in the separatory funnel, what is the denser solvent?
that is ur DCM (an organic solvent)
81
why is it important to be cautious when draining the DCM
to make sure not to contaminate ur caffeine

2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM (22 decks)

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