Powerpoint 28 Flashcards
starts at a specific sequence called the Origin of replication
Replication
One original parent strand and one newly synthesized daughter strand rewind
Replication
referred to as Semi-conservative*
DNA replication
makes DNA
DNA polymerase
is bi-directional
DNA replication
provide organism way to respond to changing environments
- changes morphology and affects the buoyancy
Mutation
Environment selects* for cells suited to survuve
- environment doesnt CAUSE it.
- CAUSE is replication error or failed to repair
utation
most similar to the original isolate
wild-type strain
a mutant that requires specific growth factor
Auxotroph
An organism that does not require addition of growth factor
Prototroph
The information related to the gene sequence
Genotype
The output or consequence of gene mutation
phenotype
Base substitution
- most common type of mutation
- results from mistakes during DNA syntheses
- incorrect bae is incorporated into DNA
Spontaneous mutations
occur when one base pair is changes
point mutation
mutation resulting from amino acid substitution is called
missense mutation
mutation that changes a amino acid codon to a stop codon
Nonsense mutation
How many codons make up the alphabet of proteins
64
Of the 64, how many code for specific amino acid?
61
the remaining 3 code for
termination of the protein
code for sereine
UCG
stop codon
UAA
repair of base substitution can be done by
- proofreading
- mismatch repair
- 1 component
- DNA polymerase has proofreading function
- Able ro excise incorrect base and replace with corret on
Proofreading
- multiple components
- endonuclease enzyme removes short stretch of nucleotide
- DNA polymerase fills gap
- DNA ligase joins ends
Mismatch repair
