Chapter 5 (pdf 13)

Question 1

contains a variety of ingredients

-can be highly variable

Answer 1

complex media

Question 2

examples of complex media

Answer 2

nutrient broth, blood agar, chocolate agar

Question 3

composed of precise amounts of a pure chemical

-not practically for routine laboratory use

Answer 3

chemically defined media

Question 4

Invaluable in research

-each batch is chemically identical

Answer 4

chemically defined media

Question 5

inhibits the growth of unwanted organism, increase the chance of isolating the organism of interest

Answer 5

selective media

Question 6

example of selective media

Answer 6

Thayer-Martin agar and MacConkey agar

Question 7

For isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 7

Thayer-Martin

Question 8

For isolation of gram-negative bacteria

Answer 8

MacConkey agar

Question 9

contains substances that bacterial growth alters in recognizable way

Answer 9

differential media

Question 10

example of differential media

Answer 10

Blood agar and MacConkey agar

Question 11

certain bacteria produce hemolysin to break down Heme from Red Blood Cells

Answer 11

blood agar

Question 12

• bile salts and CV inhibit growth of gram positive

- contains indicator to identify bacteria that can utilize certain carbon sources

Answer 12

MacConkey agar

Question 13

Measured with a spectrometer

Answer 13

turbidity

Question 14

Measures light transmitted through a sample

-measurement is inversely proportional to cell concentraction

Answer 14

turbidity

Question 15

Limitation of turbidity

Answer 15

more reliable with a high number of cells because both live and dead cells

Question 16

direct microscopic count

-microscope and hemocytometer

Answer 16

direct cell count

Question 17

use of cell counting instruments

Answer 17

direct cell count

Question 18

Pros of direct cell count

Answer 18

• useful in determining total number of cells

- can differentiate cell types

Question 19

Cons of direct cell count

Answer 19

• does not distinguish between living and dead cells

- contract issues?

Question 20

used to contract living cells

-cells able to multiply - able to monitor bacterial growth

Answer 20

viable cell count

Question 21

often used when counts are to low for other methods

Answer 21

viable cell count

Question 22

increased time requirements

Answer 22

viable cell count

Question 23

methods of viable cell count

Answer 23

• plate counts*
• membrane filtration
• most probable numbers

Question 24

measures viable cells growing on solid culture media

Answer 24

plate count

Question 25

count based on assumption that one cell gives rise to one colony -number of colonies=number of cells in colony

Answer 25

plate count

Question 26

ideal number to count in plate counts

Answer 26

between 30 and 300

Question 27

sample of plate count normally diluted in

Answer 27

10 fold increments

Question 28

what are the two plate count methods

Answer 28

pour plates and spread plate methods

Question 29

Metabolism is broken down into two components

Answer 29

catabolism and anabolism

Question 30

reactions that produce energy from the breakdown of larger molecules

Answer 30

catabolism

Question 31

reactions involved in the synthesis of cell componenets

Answer 31

anabolism

Question 32

these reactions require energy and 'take from' catabolic ATP yield

Answer 32

anabolic

Question 33

a molecule that can store energy in high energy phosphate bonds

Answer 33

ATP

Question 34

can produce ATP in three ways

Answer 34

- substrate phosphorylation - oxidative phosphorylation - phosphorylation

Question 35

uses chemical energy to add phosphate ion to molecule of ADP

Answer 35

substrate phosphorylation

Question 36

uses energy from proton motive force to add phosphate ion to ADP

Answer 36

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 37

utilizes radiant energy from the sun to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

Answer 37

phosphorylation

Question 38

three different types of electron carriers that represent redox molecules that are involved in energy production

Answer 38

``` • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide – NAD+ and NADH • Flavin adenine dinucleotide – FAD and FADH • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate – NADP+ and NADPH ```

Question 39

the catabolic pathways are...

Answer 39

central and provide energy, reducing power, and precursor metabolites*