Chapter 6 pdf 18

Question 1

What is the energy in the cells?

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

What molecules move the electrons

Answer 2

NAD+ and FAD

Question 3

What defines the boundary of a cell

Answer 3

lipids

Question 4

Where is the information stored

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

How and when do they do it

Answer 5

RNA and Proteins

Question 6

common intermediates of catabolism can be oxidized to form

Answer 6

CO2 and energy

Question 7

Hydrolyzed to glucose then glycolysis

Answer 7

extracellular polysaccarides

Question 8

Hydrolyzed to amino acids then precursor for TCA

Answer 8

Proteins

Question 9

Acetyl CoA- TCA and respiration

Answer 9

Lipids/ fatty acids

Question 10

Acetyl CoA and TCA/ respiration

Answer 10

organics e.g. pollutants

Question 11

cells use hydrolytic enzymes to

Answer 11

break bonds

Question 12

hydrolytic enzymes add what to break bonds?

Answer 12

water

Question 13

cells use a variety of organic molecules as energy sources

Answer 13

– Use hydrolyIc enzymes to break bonds
– Di- and oligo-saccharides
– Lipids
– Proteins

Question 14

Starch and cellulose polymers of glucose

Answer 14

Polysaccharides and disaccharides

Question 15

Amylases breaks down starch to

Answer 15

glucose subunits

Question 16

Cellulases breaks down cellulose to

Answer 16

glucose subunits

-

Question 17

Glucose enters glycolysis for

Answer 17

metabolism

Question 18

– Disaccharides are hydrolyzed by specific disaccharidases

Answer 18

Polysaccharides and disaccharides

Question 19

liberated through hydrolysis enters glycolysis

Answer 19

– Glucose

Other monosaccharide modified before metabolism

Question 20

are combinaIon of fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 20

simple lipids

Question 21

Hydrolyzed by lipases

Answer 21

lipids

Question 22

Glycerol is converted to

Answer 22

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

-Molecule enters glycolysis

Question 23

Fatty acids degraded by β-oxidaIon

Answer 23

lipids

Question 24

– Transfers 2-C fatty acid units to

Answer 24

coenzyme A

» Forms acetyl CoA that enters TCA cycle

Question 25

hydrolyzed by proteases

Answer 25

proteins

Question 26

amino group removed through deamination

Answer 26

proteins

Question 27

• Remaining carbon skeleton converted to precursor metabolite

Answer 27

proteins

Question 28

glycerol acts like

Answer 28

Nocardia

Question 29

synthesis of subunits from precursor metabolites

Answer 29

anabolic pathways

Question 30

pathways consume ATP reducing power and precursor metabolites

Answer 30

anabolic pathways

Question 31

macromolecules produces once subunits are synthesized

Answer 31

anabolic pathways

Question 32

Synthesis begins with transfer of acetyl group from acetyl CoA to acyl carrier protein*

Answer 32

anabolic pathways

Question 33

Carrier hold fatty acid during elongaIon – Fatty acid released when reaches required length » 14, 16 or 18 carbons long

Answer 33

anabolic pathways

Question 34

Glycerol is synthesized from dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Answer 34

anabolic pathways

Question 35

Energy storage – Cell wall components – pepIdoglycan – OM of Gram negaIves

Answer 35

Polysaccharides

Question 36

Amino acid synthesis

Answer 36

anabolic pathways

Question 37

Some precursors are formed in glycolysis, other in TCA cycle

Answer 37

Amino acid synthesis

Question 38

Glutamate synthesis essenIal for formaIon of other amino acids

Answer 38

Amino acid synthesis

Question 39

Synthesis incorporates ammonia with α-ketoglutarate produced in TCA cycle

Answer 39

Amino acid synthesis

Question 40

– Amino group from glutamate can be transferred to produced other amino acids

Answer 40

Amino acid synthesis

Question 41

Precursors for aromaIc amino acids produced in pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis

Answer 41

Amino acid synthesis

Question 42

NucleoIde synthesis

Answer 42

Anabolic Pathways

Question 43

NucleoIdes synthesized as ribonucleoIdes and modified to deoxyribonucleoIdes

Answer 43

Nucleotide synthesis

Question 44

Replace OH group on 2’ carbon of ribose and replace with hydrogen atom

Answer 44

Nucleotide synthesis

Question 45

remove oxygen

Answer 45

Nucleotide synthesis

Question 46

Complex integraIon of different molecules | Adenylic or guanylic cyclase

Answer 46

Purines:

Question 47

Formed then attached to R-5-P

Answer 47

Pyrimidine: