Chapter 1 Flashcards
is the study of organisms too small to be
seen with human eye
Microbiology
Microbiology was born as a science by who and when?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
1674
– Dutch drapery merchant – Ground lenses to view fabric – Used lens to peer into a drop of lake water – First glimpses of microbial world – Called organisms “animalcules”
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
equal credit for initiating
the science of microbiology
Robert Hooke
His compound microscopes were
very poor quality compared to AvL
Robert Hooke
claimed “ organisms can arise from non-living matter, the can reproduce not via sexes but arise by decay and excreetment”
- this a COMMON SENSE thinking for the way of life and didnt waste any time
Aristotle
-Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Worked against the theory of spontaneous generation to disprove it.
- Fransisco Redi
- Louis Pasteur
- John Tyndall
Demonstrated worms found on rotting meat came from eggs of flies landing on meat • Proved this by placing rotting meat in jars – Covered one jar with fine gauze • Gauze prevented flies from depositing eggs – No eggs – no worms!!!
Francesco Redi
Considered the father of modern
microbiology (mid-late 1800)
Louis Pasteur
Demonstrated that air is filled with microorganisms • Proved this by filtering air in cotton plug – Identified organisms in cotton as same organisms contaminating infusions
Louis Pasteur
• To further show air is filled with microbe he
developed swan necked flask
• Was able to demonstrate infusions remained sterile even
if flask was left open
• Also pasteurization, early vaccines, and chirality
Louis Pasteur
a physicist who was able to explain
discrepancies
John Tyndall
A crater on Mars is named in his honor, as is a pub in Carlow town,
a mountain, Mount Tyndall, in California’s Sierra Nevada range and the
penultimate peak of the Matterhorn in the Alps.
John Tyndall
concluded materials from different locations, or collection
times required different boiling times
John Tyndall
Attributed contamination to heat resistant life form that
became known as endospore
Cohn and Koch
After Theory of Spontaneous Generation was disproved Golden Age
of Microbiology was born:
1854–1914.
Microbes have enormous impact on human
existence. What are the roles of microorganisms
-Symbiotic existence in humans and
animals: “the friendly bacteria”
– Disease
– Environmental re-modeling and
remediation
decomposers
microorganisms
responsible for the
production of oxygen and nitrogen
organisms
What are applications of Microbiology?
- Food production
- Bioremediation
- genetic engineering
- bacteria synthesis
– Use organisms to degrade environmental waste
• Degrade pesticides and plastics
• Clean up oil spills
Bioremediation
Fermentation of milk to produce numerous
products
• Yogurt, cheese, buttermilk
food production
• Bacteria can synthesize numerous products usually
more efficiently than mechanical processes
–Ethanol
– Pesticides
– Antibiotics
– Dietary amino acids
introduce genes of one organism into an unrelated
organism to confer new properties on the organism
genetic engineering
