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PPQ4 Flashcards

1
Q

The primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation is

A

collimator setting

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2
Q

what do grids contain that controls scatter radiation

A

lead

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3
Q

where is the grid located

A

between the patient and the cassette

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4
Q

to prevent the magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed, the patient must be

A

be as parallel and as close to the film as possible

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5
Q

when viewing a radiograph of a laterally positioned animal

A

the head should face the viewers left with the spine at the top

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6
Q

any body part exceeding this measurement requires the use of a grid to reduce fog producing scatter radiation

A

10cm

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7
Q

which statement is false

A

using a grid, the dose of the radiation should be reduced

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8
Q

which statements are true

A

The use of a grid is recommended over 10cm object diameter; The grid filter the scatter
radiation; The grid contains small lead strips standing vertically or in an angle facing
toward the x-ray tube

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9
Q

which is false

A

scattered beam is negligible concerning radiation safety of the staff

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10
Q

which statements are true

A

The x-ray beam is invisible; The x-ray beam makes chemical changes in photoemulsions; The x-ray beam produces light flash in fluorescent materials

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11
Q

what materials belong to the basic radiographic opacities

A

metal;stone;gas

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12
Q

what material doesnt belong to the basic radiograph opacitites

A

wood

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13
Q

with use of a grid, we can

A

improve image contrast

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14
Q

which statement is incorrect

A

the x-ray consists of charged particles

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15
Q

which statements are correct

A

the x-ray is ionising, electromagnetic radiation that travels at the speed of light

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16
Q

what is not a normal component in the digital radiographic technology

A

intensifying screen

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17
Q

what are normal components in the digital radiographic technology

A

x-ray tube; grid; collimator

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18
Q

attenuation of the x-ray is dependent on

A

atomic number; object thickness; physical denisty

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19
Q

which component is different in conventional and digital radiography

A

detector

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20
Q

what is the main source of radiation exposure of the personnel

A

secondary beam originating from the patient

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21
Q

which is false

A

fat is more radiopaque than fluids

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22
Q

which statements are true

A

Bones are more radiolucent than metals; Gas is more radiolucent than fat; Fluid and
soft tissues have the same opacity

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23
Q

cause of unsharp x-ray cannot be

A

increased distance between the object and the detector

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24
Q

the causes of an unsharp x-ray

A

motion; low kV; high mAs

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25
which statement is true regarding the radiographic image
distortion can be prevented by centralisation
26
which statement is true
CR systems are cheaper than DR systems
27
which exposure factor could be used in small animal radiography
8mAs
28
which statement is false
scatter radiation is mainly based on mAs
29
which statements are true
The mAs describe the number of x-ray photons; Higher capacity generators are required to produce longer exposure time; The contras of the image is mainly based on the mAs
30
which statement is false in case of chest radiography
longer exposure time is recommended
31
which statement is true in case of chest radiograph
Smaller exposure values are needed compared to an abdominal radiograph of the same diameter; The contrast will be higher compared to the abdomen; Motion blurring is a common problem
32
which exposure factors cause the blackening on the detector than 60kV/8mAs
80kV/2mAs
33
which is not an image parameter
magnification
34
which are image parameters
density; sharpness' contrast
35
which statement is true
the underexposed digital image will be too bright
36
which statement is false
digital systems require much higher doses than analogue systems
37
which statements are true
In case of wrong exposure factors the digital image will be motten; The S-value informs you about the exposure; The image can be motten both in over- and underexposed cases
38
which statement is true
the crate improves the image sharpness
39
what is not a form of protection against ionising radiaiton
dose equivalent
40
what are forms of protection against ionising radiation
distance; shielding; time
41
a personal dose meter
records the effective dose
42
the x-ray beam does not
cause radioactivity
43
the x-ray beam
Can ionise matter; Can travel at the speed of light; Requires electric current to generate
44
in veterinary diagnostic radiology, adverse may include
stochastic effects
45
an especially sensitive tissue type for ionising radiation
the bone marrow
46
in case of deterministic effects
severity is proportionate to dose
47
which statement is true
It is officially unsafe to put a hand in the primary x-ray beam with lead gloves, nothing or with a double layer of protective lead
48
radon
is generated by the x-ray
49
x-ray photons in the body are normally not
transmitted
50
x-ray photons in the body are normally
absorbed; reflected; scattered
51
why can a structure be more radiopaque than others
it consists of elements of higher atomic number and has the same diameter
52
what if the object is not in the centre of the detector plate
the resulting image will be unsharp
53
which statement is true
the land club protects from primary beam
54
what does 'acquisition' mean in digital imaging
the picture from the electric sign
55
what is not true for DICOM files
they can be inspected with commercial image view programs
56
what is true for DICOM files
Contain images of TIFF format; The x-ray images have a size of 10-30 megabytes; They contain metadata besides the image
57
which statement is incorrect? compared to the JPEG image, the DICOM files are
preferred more by the owner
58
which statements are correct? compared to the JPEG image, the DICOM files are
Less appropriate for diagnostics; Bigger; Cannot be inspected with a medical image viewer program
59
a rarely performed contrast study in small animal radiology
lacrimal duct contrast study
60
a commonly performed contrast study in small animal radiology
thoracic cavity infusion; laryngeal contrast instillation
61
myelography is primarily used to diagnose
spinal cord compression
62
in myelography, a contrast agent is injected into the
subarachnoid space
63
in the study of the megaoesophagus, which method is not used
carbon dioxide inflation
64
the the study of megaoesophagus, which methods are used
Survey radiographs; Barium sulphate paste swallowing; Feeding barium sulphate mixed with pet food
65
When is liquid barium sulphate entirely emptied from the stomach following per os administration in a healthy dog?
after 12 hours; ileus exam can then start from 12 hours
66
which one of the following retrograde contrast studies is not performed in dogs
negative contrast urethrography
67
which one of the following retrograde contrast studies is performed in dogs
Positive contrast cystography; Negative contras cystography; Positive contrast urethrography
68
which statement is false regarding the radiography of intestinal obstructions
contrast study in every case to make diagnosis of intestinal obstruction
69
which statement is true regarding the radiography of intestinal obstructions
The obturating objects & the distended proximal intestinal loop may be seen on the radiograph at the same time; The obturating object may be seen without secondary xray signs on the radiograph; In certain cases, the radiographic finding may be unremarkable
70
which statement is false? in carnivores, the homogenous abdomen
is normal in obese patients; may suggest pneumoperitoneum
71
which statements are true? in carnivores, the homogenous abdomen
may suggest abdominal effusion; is normal in young cats; is normal in cachectic animals
72
what contrast medium would you choose for double contrast cystography
iodinated contrast and air
73
which statement is false? in case of an intestinal obstruction
the use of barium sulphate is contraindicated
74
which contrast can be used to examine the urethra
organic iodine compund
75
which organ can be generally seen on a survey radiograph
aorta; vena cava
76
which organs cant be seen on the survey radiograph
pancreas; adrenals; ovaries
77
best method to detect the rupture of the ureters
excretory urography
78
which statement is true? in small animals
Ectopic ureters can be detected by intravenous urography (mixed pneumo-cystography)
79
negative bronchogram is typical in which pulmonary pattern
alveolar pattern
80
Which contrast medium can be used in the case of a suspected oesophageal perforation?
organic iodine compound
81
in case of a tracheal hypoplasia, the diameter of the trachea is less than
20% of the thoracic inlet
82
which of the following is typical for tracheal hypoplasia
the entire trachea is narrower than normal
83
in which condition can we see the tracheal wall separated from neighbouring tissues
pneumomediastinum
84
which statement is true for feline oesophagus
the caudal 1/3 on the contrast radiograph shows herring bone pattern
85
a vertebal heart scale
describes the size of the heart
86
which statement is false for tracheal collapse
the entire trachea is affected
87
which statement is true for tracheal collapse
Its radiographic appearance is influenced by the respiratory phase; Its cause is the softening of the tracheal C-cartilage; Toy breeds are affected
88
which statement is true? on a lateral chest radiograph
the left atrium is located caudodorsally
89
which statement is true in case of thoracic effusion
The opacity of the thorax is increased; The outline of the organs gets sharper; The type of the fluid cannot be determined
90
which statement is false in case of thoracic effusion
diaphragmatic hernia sometimes cannot be ruled out
91
What contrast medium would you use to demonstrate vascular strangulation of the oesophagus?
contrast medium is contraindicated
92
which is not a pulmonary pattern
fibrous
93
which are the pulmonary patterns
alveolar; interstitial; bronchial
94
tracheal hypoplasia is common in which breed
English bulldog
95
which contrast mediums can be used for the non-perforated oesophagus
organic iodine; barium sulphate suspension
96
which statement is true? when obtaining radiographs of fractures, it is important
To take orthogonal projections; To have neighbouring joints in the picture too; In case of uncertainty, take x-ray of the contralateral limb too
97
which statement is false? when obtaining radiographs of fractures, it is important
to always take a radiograph of the thorax too
98
which statement is correct? in mature healthy carnivores
the periosteum is not visible in the radiographs
99
what is the normal anatomy of the long bones
Epiphysis-Metaphysis-Diaphysis-Metaphysis-Epiphysis
100
which part of the long bones is radiolucent
growth plate in young animals

SAM (11 decks)

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