Practical 1: Blood Flashcards
1
Q
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
A
Both are liquid components of blood.
Serum is the liquid that remains after the blood has clotted.
Plasma is the liquid that remains when clotting is prevented with the addition of anticoagulants
2
Q
What is the group that RBC, WBC, and platelets are a part of?
A
Formed Elements
3
Q
Which formed element carries O2?
A
Erythrocytes
4
Q
Which formed element are part of the immune system?
A
Leukocytes
5
Q
Which formed element begins blood clotting?
A
Platelets
6
Q
What are most of the cells you see? (Not being pointed to)
A
Erythrocytes
7
Q
What’s being pointed to?
A
Leukocytes
8
Q
A
A
Neutrophil
9
Q
B
A
Eosinophil
10
Q
C
A
Lymphocyte
11
Q
What are the purple objects?
A
Lymphocytes
12
Q
How many erythrocytes in a female?
A
4.5 million/µL
13
Q
How many erythrocytes in a male?
A
5.5 million/µL
14
Q
What shape are erythrocytes?
A
Biconcave
15
Q
What type of nucleus do erythrocytes have?
A
Anucleated, or enucleated
16
Q
What is the diameter of an erythrocyte?
A
7 µm
17
Q
How long do erythrocytes last/live?
A
120 days
18
Q
What do erythrocytes do?
A
Carry O2 and some CO2
19
Q
What is the total volume of blood in a female?
A
5L
20
Q
What is the volume of blood in a male?
A
6L
21
Q
What is hematocrit?
A
Ratio of erythrocyte volume/total blood volume (including plasma)
22
Q
How do you measure hematocrit?
A
- Draw blood into a microtube/vacutainer
- Allow it to clot
- Spin lightly in centrifuge
- Look at the ratio (sink/float)
23
Q
What is the normal hematocrit level for a female?
A
42%
24
Q
What is the normal hematocrit level for a male?
A
47%
25
How much hemoglobin do females have?
12-16 g/dL
26
How much hemoglobin do males have?
13-18 g/dL
27
How many leukocytes are normally in the blood?
4,800-10,800/µL blood
28
What is the process of leukocytes becoming mobile and leaving blood to go into the extracellular interstitium and respond to pathogens?
Diapedesis
29
Where do leukocytes leave through in diapedesis?
The wall of the blood vessel
30
What is the movement used to diapedese?
Amoeboid movement/motion
31
What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?
Granulocytes are leukocytes that contain granules in their cytoplasm
Agranulocytes are leukocytes that lack granules in their cytoplasm
32
Are neutrophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Granulocytes
33
What's another name for granulocytes?
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Polys)
34
Are eosinophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Granulocytes
35
Are basophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Granulocytes
36
What's another name for agranulocytes?
Mononuclear leukocytes
37
Are lymphocytes granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Agranulocytes
38
Are monocytes granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Agranulocytes
39
What percent of leukocytes are neutrophils?
50-70%
40
What is the normal range of neutrophils in the blood?
2500-8000/µL
41
How many lobes do the neutrophil nuclei have?
3-7
42
What color are neutrophil cytoplasm?
Clearish
43
What are neutrophils role in the immune system?
Phagocytic
44
What is this?
Neutrophil
45
What is this?
Neutrophil
46
What is this?
Neutrophil
47
What is this?
Neutrophil
48
What percent of leukocytes are eosinophils?
2-4%
49
What's the normal range of eosinophils in the blood?
<500/µL
50
How many lobes do eosinophil nuclei have?
2
51
What color is the cytoplasm of eosinophils?
Often pink/red due to granules...About the same color as erythrocytes
52
What increases the number of eosinophils?
Parasites and allergies
53
What are eosinophils role in the immune system?
Phagocytic
54
What is this?
Eosinophil
55
What is this?
Eosinophil
56
What is this?
Eosinophil
57
What is this?
Eosinophil
58
What percent of leukocytes are basophils?
<1%
59
What is the normal range of basophils in the blood?
<50-100/µL
60
What color is the cytoplasm of basophils?
Dark purple dots
61
What is the role of basophils in the immune system?
These release histamine and heparin, causing an allergic reaction and inflammation
62
What is this?
Basophil
63
What is this?
Basophil
64
What is this?
Basophil
65
What is the top cell in purple?
Basophil
66
What is the bottom cell in purple?
Neutrophil
67
What percent of leukocytes are lymphocytes?
25% or more
68
What is the normal range for lymphocytes in the blood?
1,000-4,500/µL
69
What size are the nuclei of lymphocytes?
About the same size as erythrocytes (7µm diameter)
70
What shape are lymphocyte nuclei?
Spherical
71
What might you see in lymphocytes?
A small crescent of cytoplasm
72
What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Primary immune cells
73
What percent of leukocytes are monocytes?
3-8%
74
What is the normal range of monocytes in the blood?
100-700/µL
75
What are distinguishing features of monocytes?
Abundant cytoplasm
Nucleus larger than other leukocytes
Often kidney/"C"/"U" shaped
76
What are monocytes role in the immune system?
They become macrophages, tissue phagocytes
77
What's this?
Lymphocyte
78
What are all three purple things?
Lymphocytes
79
What's this?
Monocyte
80
What purple cell is on top?
Neutrophil
81
What purple cell is on bottom?
Monocyte
82
What's this?
Monocyte
83
How many platelets are in blood?
150000-400000/µL
84
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting
84
Where do platelets come from?
Megakaryocytes
85
Are platelets cells?
No, they are cell fragments
86
What's this?
Platelets
87
A
Erythrocytes
88
B
Neutrophil
89
C
Lymphocytes
90
A
Lymphocyte
91
B
Monocyte
92
A
Platelets
93
Top cell
Neutrophil
94
Middle cell
Eosinophil
95
Bottom cell
Lymphocyte
96
Left cell
Eosinophil
97
Right cell
Neutrophil
98
Left cells
NOT CELLS! Platelets
99
Middle cells
Neutrophils
100
Right cells
Eosinophils
101
Left cell
Lymphocyte
102
Middle cell
Monocyte
103
Right cell
Neutrophil
104
Left cell
Monocyte
105
Right cell
Neutrophil
106
A
Neutrophil
107
B
Monocyte
108
A
Lymphocyte
109
B
Neutrophil
110
C
Monocyte
111
What's this?
Basophil
112
What's this?
Basophil
113
What's this?
Basophil
114
What's this?
Basophil
115
What's the cell on top?
Basophil
116
What's the cell on bottom?
Neutrophil
117
Left cell
Neutrophil
118
Right cells
Lymphocytes
119
A
Neutrophil
120
B
Monocyte
121
C
Neutrophil
122
What's this?
Neutrophils
123
What's to the left?
Monocyte
124
What's to the right?
Neutrophils
125
Top cell?
Lymphocyte
126
Bottom cell?
Neutrophils
127
Top 2 cells?
Lymphocytes
128
Bottom cell?
Neutrophil
129
What's this?
Lymphocytes
130
What's this?
Neutrophil
131
What's this?
Sickle cell anemia
132
What's this?
Sickle cell anemia
133
What's this?
Sickle cell anemia
134
What's this?
Sickle cell anemia
135
What's this?
Sickle cell anemia
136
What's this?
Sickle cell anemia
137
What's this?
Sickle cell anemia
138
What's this?
Leukemia
139
What's this?
Leukemia
140
What's this?
Leukemia
141
What's this?
Leukemia
