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2ND YR 1S > PRL UNIT 2 > Flashcards

PRL UNIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rounded or angular when seen in fecal samples. No internal structure. Will stain pink to purple in iodine mounts.

A

Starch Granules

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2
Q

Common findings in Giardiasis and other parasitic infections causing malabsorption. Appears to be round with thin circular lining

A

Fat Globules

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3
Q

Epithelial cells show close resemblance to amebic trophozoites in size and
shape.

A

True

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4
Q

Yeasts are generally harmless, but may be associated with fungal infection.

A

True

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5
Q

Pollen grains may mimic Helminth larvae.

A

False

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6
Q

Various components found in Feces

A

Undigested food
Digestive by-product
Human cells
Secretions from digestive tract
Microorganisms

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7
Q

found in human samples that are responsible for incorrect identification

A

Fecal Artifacts

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8
Q

13 Fecal Artifacts

A

Pollen
Vegetable Cells
Vegetable Spirals
Plant Hair / Fiber
Yeast Cells
Starch Cells / Granules
Beaver Bodies
Fat Globules
Muscle Fiber
Air Bubbles
White Blood Cells
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMNs)
Charcot Leyden Crystals
Epithelial Cells

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9
Q

fecal artifact with little to no internal structures

A

Pollen

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10
Q

lacks 6-hooked oncosphere and lacks an embryo wall

A

Pollen

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11
Q

resemblance of Pollen

A
  1. Taenia spp
  2. Ascaris Lumbricoides
  3. Taenia Saginata
  4. Other helminth eggs
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12
Q

How to differentiate Pollen from Eggs

A

Check size and shape; check internal structures

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13
Q

May be confused with helminth eggs

A

Vegetable Cells

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14
Q

Appear in larger in sizes compared to helminth
eggs

A

Vegetable Cells

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15
Q

Polygonal and flattened; Interior portion is unorganized and contain large vacuoles

A

Vegetable Cells

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16
Q

Resemblance of vegetable cells

A
  1. Helminth eggs
  2. Ova of a parasite - hookworms
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17
Q

Ladder-like appearance and lacks head or tail region

A

Vegetable Spirals

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18
Q

Resemblance of Vegetable Spirals (due to shape and size)

A
  1. Helminth larvae
  2. Segments of a tapeworm - have internal structures
  3. Larvae
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19
Q

How to differentiate Vegetable Spirals to tapeworms

A

check internal structures

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20
Q

confused with helminth larva

A

Plant Hair / Fiber

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21
Q
  • Lacks head or tail region
  • Lack internal structures seen in true parasites
  • often broken at one end
  • Have a refractile center
A

Plant Hair/Fiber

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22
Q

Resemblance with Plant Hair/Fiber

A

Helminth Larva; hookworms and Strongyloides

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23
Q

oval and cyst-like with thin walls

A

Yeast Cells

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24
Q
  • Round to oval in shape
  • Normally present in stool hence reporting is not
    always necessary
A

Yeast Cells

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25
parasite that causes diarrhea
Coccidia parasite
26
Resemblance of Yeast Cells - depending on size and color
Cryptosporidium spp. Cyclospora spp. Microsporidia Helminth eggs Protozoan cysts
27
How to differentiate Yeast Cells from parasites
Has a presence of budding on the cell
28
What type of infection are yeast infections / mold
Fungal Infection
29
Fresh or freshly preserved stools with significant numbers of budding yeast may indicate _____
Systemic Infection
30
patients who are prone to systemic infection
immunosuppressed patients
31
diagnosis when there's a presence of yeast
HIV, AIDs or on chemotherapy
32
presence of branching pseudohyphae may be an indication of pathogenicity of the yeast
Candida spp.
33
- Indicates pathogenicity of the yeast - Commonly observed in diabetic patients, who are more prone to fungal infection
branching pseudohyphae
34
- Round to irregular round-shaped - Has poor to no internal structure or nucleus - Very refractile
Starch Cells / Granules
35
Starch Cells if it's <10 microns
Starch granules
36
Resemblance of Starch Cells / Granules
Protozoan Cysts - Entamoeba hartmanni - Entamoeba nana
37
Iodine Staining for undigested starch stains
Blue-black and concentric layers of white homogenous materials
38
Iodine Staining for Partially digested Starch
Red / Pink
39
corpora parasitica
Beaver Bodies
40
Protistan parasites of crayfish and psorospermium haeckelii
Beaver Bodies
41
Resemblance of Beaver Bodies
Helminth Ova - Psorospermium haeckelii
42
When are fat globules present in stool
1. Malabsorption 2. Pancreatic enzyme deficiency 3. Cystic Fibrosis
43
Bile acts as emulsifiers and provides surface area for breakdown of fats
Pancreatic bile deficiency
44
- No internal organs, no nucleus; - Large amounts may indicate presence of excess fecal fat
Fat globules
45
cause by excess fecal fat
Steatorrhea
46
Resemblance of Fat Globules
Protozoan cysts
47
Fat globules can be seen in patients suffering from ____
Giardia duodenalis
48
May also be caused by a lack of bile resulting in the body’s inability to process fat globules
Steatorrhea
49
undigested meat fibers
Muscle fiber
50
T/F More striated fibers are less digested compared to less striations
T
51
present in patiens with high red-meat diet
Cystic Fibrosis
52
Increased amounts of striated fibers are seen in ___
biliary obstruction and gastrocolic fistulas; pancreatic insufficiency, such as in cases of cystic fibrosis
53
Presence of too much muscle fibers
Creatorrhea
54
Resemblance of Muscle Fibers
Segment of a tapeworm or tapeworm proglottid
55
How to differentiate muscle fibers from tapework
Check internal structure
56
Indication of Striations in a Muscle Fiber
Striations - undigested No Striations - digested
57
Seen in improperly prepared wet mounts / smear
Air Bubbles
58
infection is present when this is seen in stool
White Blood Cells
59
permanent stain in WBC
Trichrome stain
60
Resemblance of WBC
Histolytica - E. histolytica - E. dispar
61
Type of WBC when Infection is present
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes PMNs)
62
Nucleus of E. Histolytica and E. Dispar Cysts
Dark red, Round with central karyosome, and peripheral chromatin
63
Cytoplasm of of E. Histolytica and E. Dispar Cysts
Green, Uniform, agranular cytoplasm
64
One large nucleus that may be irregular in shape and may contain red-staining round bodies and nucleus may be absent
Macrophages
65
Ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm (PMNs)
1:1
66
Ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm (E. histolytica and E. dispar)
1:10 to 1:12 (trophozoite) 1:2 to 1:3 (cysts)
67
Ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm (Macrophages)
1:4 - 1:6
68
How to differentiate WBC from cysts
Look at the size, ratio and complexity of the cell
69
Ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm (Trophozoites)
1:10 to 1:12
70
formed from the break-down products of eosinophils
Charcot Leyden Crystals
71
causes severe helminthic infections
Increase in eosinophils
72
- Slender crystals with pointed ends “diamond-shaped” - Stain red-purple with trichrome stain
Charcot Leyden Crystals
73
indication of Charcot Leyden Crystals
1. Hypersensitivity / allergic reaction 2. Parasitic helminth infections
74
With a large, refractile nucleus and with distinct cell borders
Epithelial Cells
75
Lack the typical interior structures of amebic trophozoites
Epithelial Cells
76
Resemblance of Epithelial Cells
Amebic Trophozoites
77
Ciliated epithelial tissue cells which resembles Ciliates
Detached Ciliary Tufts
78
Vegetable spirals resemble ________ due to size and shape.
Helminth Larvae
79
Rectangular structures representing undigested meat fibers.
Muscle Fibers
80
Coiled strand of vegetable remnants with a ladder-like appearance.
Vegetable Spirals
81
________ refers to the presence of too much fats in stool; _________ refers to the presence of too much muscle fibers in stool.
Steatorrhea; Creatorrhea
82
These are diamond-shaped crystals which develop from eosinophil breakdown products.
Charcot Leyden Crystals
83
There is a considerable resemblance of a yeast cell to the oocyst of ______.
Protozoan
84
Sphere looking cyst like structures
Fat Globules
85

2ND YR 1S (16 decks)

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