Psych Exam 2 Flashcards
(189 cards)
1
Q
dispositional crises
A
acute response to an external situational stressor
2
Q
crises of anticipated life transitions
A
normal life-cycle transition that may be anticipated but over which the individual may feel lack of control
3
Q
crises from traumatic stress
A
unexpected, external stressor
4
Q
maturational/developmental crises
A
unresolved conflicts in life
5
Q
psychiatric emergency
A
general functioning has been compromised and the individual is incompetent or unable to assume personal responsibility
6
Q
signs of anger
A
frowning, clenched fists, low-pitched voice, easily offended, etc (refer to lecture notes if you need more!)
7
Q
signs of aggression
A
pacing, threats, loud voice, panic, etc (refer to lecture notes if you need more!)
8
Q
factors for assessing violent behavior
A
past history of violence, client diagnosis, current behaviors
9
Q
common diagnoses associated with violence
A
substance abuse, schizophrenia, mood disorders, dementia, personality disorders
10
Q
prodromal syndrome
A
current behaviors that are predictive of impending violence- rigid posture, grim, arguing, pounding & slamming
11
Q
substance abuse according to DSM-IV TR
A
evidence of tolerance, withdrawal, and a great deal of time is spent obtaining the substance, using, recovering, and daily activities are compromised
12
Q
what Erikson stage are substance abusers in?
A
identity vs. role confusion
13
Q
what Freud stage are substance abusers in?
A
oral
14
Q
phase 1 of alcoholism
A
prealcoholic phase- alcohol used to relieve everyday stress and tensions of life
15
Q
phase 2 of alcoholism
A
early alcoholic phase- begins with blackouts, alcohol is now required by person
16
Q
phase 3 of alcoholism
A
crucial phase- person has lost control
17
Q
phase 4 of alcoholism
A
chronic phase- emotional and physical disintegration; more intoxicated days than sober days
18
Q
acute alcoholic myopathy
A
vitamin B deficiency; muscle pain, swelling, weakness, red urine
19
Q
chronic alcoholic myopathy
A
gradual wasting and weakness in skeletal muscles
20
Q
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
A
most serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics
21
Q
Korsakoff’s psychosis
A
syndrome of confusion, loss of recent memory
22
Q
alcoholic cardiomyopathy
A
enlargement of heart and weakened
23
Q
acute pancreatitis with alcoholism
A
occurs one to two days after binge
24
Q
chronic acute pancreatitis with alcoholism
A
leads to pancreatic insufficiency; steatorrhea (fatty stools), diabetes, malnutrition
25
cirrhosis
end stage of alcoholic liver disease caused by long term alcohol use
26
esophageal varices
veins in esophagus become distended
27
alcohol intoxication occurs at
100-200 mg/dL
28
alcohol withdrawal occurs
within 4-12 hours of cessation or reduction in heavy alcohol use
29
CAGE
have you ever felt the need to Cut down on drinking? Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking? Have you ever felt Guilty about your drinking? Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning (Eye opener)
30
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
drug that makes you sick or can even cause death is copious amounts of alcohol is consumed
31
psychopharmacology for alcohol
benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, thiamine
32
CNS depressant psychopharmacology
will bring you up- luminal, benzodiazepines
33
CNS stimulant psychopharmacology
will bring you down- tranquilizers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants
34
what part of the brain controls appetite?
hypothalamus
35
anorexia commonly occurs when in life?
12 to 30 years of age
36
bulimia commonly occurs when in life?
late adolescence or early adulthood
37
which is more popular? Anorexia or bulimia?
bulemia
38
anorexia
gross distortion of body image, preoccupation with food, refusal to eat
39
bulemia
compulsive, rapid ingestion of foods and then binging, most individuals are within normal weight range
40
phase one of schizophrenia
premorbid phase- social maladjustment, withdrawal, irritability, antagonistic thoughts and behaviors
41
phase two of schizophrenia
prodromal phase- deterioration in role functioning, social withdrawal, sleep disturbances
42
phase three of schizophrenia
schizophrenia- treatment usually begins here, delusions, impairment in daily life
43
phase four of schizophrenia
residual- usually post treatment, symptoms similar to prodromal phase, flat affect
44
biochemical influence in schizophrenia
dopamine- for all psychosis
45
biochemical influence in depression
serotonin
46
downward drift hypothesis
poor social conditions are seen as a consequence of, rather than a cause of, schizophrenia
47
disorganized schizophrenia
silliness and inappropriate giggling
48
catatonic stupor schizophrenia
extreme psychomotor retardation; patient usually mute and posturing is common
49
catatonic excitement schizophrenia
extreme psychomotor agitation; purposeless movements that must be monitered
50
paranoid schizophrenia
delusions of persecution or grandeur, auditory hallucinations
51
undifferentiated schizophrenia
does not meet criteria outlined for the other types of schizophrenia
52
schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia with mood disorder
53
brief psychotic disorder
mostly occurs from substance abuse, symptoms persist less than one month and then returns to premorbid level of functioning
54
schizophreniform disorder
at least one month of symptoms, but fewer than six months
55
erotomanic delusion
believes someone of higher power is in love with them
56
grandiose delusion
irrational ideas of own worth, talent, knowledge, or power (I am batman, I am the president)
57
jealous delusion
irrational idea that sexual partner is unfaithful
58
persecutory delusion
believes he or she is being treated malevolently
59
somatic delusion
irrational belief that he or she has some type of physical defect, disorder, or disease
60
shared psychotic disorder
folie a deux- relationship with a person who already has a psychotic disorder with prominent delusions
61
delusions
positive- false personal beliefs
62
magical thinking
positive-his or her thoughts have control over specific situations or people
63
associative looseness
positive- shift of ideas from one unrelated topic to another
64
neologisms
positive- made up words that only have meaning to client
65
concrete thinking
positive- literal interpretations of the environment (it's raining cats and dogs)
66
clang associations
positive- choice of words is associated with rhyming
67
word salad
positive- groups of words put in random fashion
68
circumstantiality
positive- delay in reaching point of communication because of unnecessary details
69
tangentiality
positive- inability to get to the point of communication due to introduction of new topics
70
mutism
positive- not speaking
71
perseveration
positive- persistent repetition of same word or idea in response to different questions
72
hallucinations
positive- not associated with real external stimuli
73
illusions
positive- misperceptions of real external stimuli
74
inappropriate affect
negative- emotions are incongruent with circumstances
75
bland or flat affect
negative- weak emotional tone
76
apathy
negative- lack of interest in environment
77
echolalia
negative- repeating words that are heard
78
echopraxia
negative- repeating movements that are observed
79
identification and imitation
taking on form or behavior one observes in another
80
depersonalization
feeling of unreality
81
emotional ambivalence
coexistence of opposite emotions toward same object, person, situation
82
autism
focus inward on fantasy world while distorting or excluding the external environment
83
waxy flexibility
passive yielding of all movable parts of the body to any effort made at placing them in certain positions
84
posturing
voluntary assumption of inappropriate/bizarre postures
85
anhedonia
negative- inability to experience pleasure
86
individual psychotherapy
long term- not good for psychotic
87
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
team approach in providing comprehensive psychiatric treatment, open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
88
typicals
dopamine blockers, sedate
89
atypicals
weak dopamine blockers, less side effects, usually used for first time treatment
90
Thorazine
typical- antipsychotic
91
Haldol
typical- antipsychotic
92
Abilify
atypical- antipsychotic
93
Saphris
atypical- antipsychotic
94
Clozaril
atypical- antipsychotic; report weekly to have blood levels drawn to obtain weekly supply of drug
95
Fanapt
atypical- antipsychotic
96
Zyprexa
atypical- antipsychotic
97
Invega
atypical- antipsychotic
98
Seroquel
atypical- antipsychotic
99
Risperdal
atypical- antipsychotic
100
Geodon
atypical- antipsychotic
101
agranulocytosis
white blood cells can drop to very low levels; common with clozapine & typical meds
102
anticholinergic effects
dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention- more common with clozapine & typical meds
103
tardive dyskinesia
bizarre facial and tongue movements, difficulty swallowing, more common with typical meds & clozapine
104
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
observe for parkinsonian symptoms- more common with typical meds
105
depression levels off for women & men between the ages of
44 and 65
106
seasonality
more prevalent in spring and fall
107
major depressive disorder
symptoms for at least two weeks, no history of manic behavior
108
dysthymic disorder
mild, outpatient, chronically depressed mood for most of the day and for at least two years
109
learned helplessness
repeated failure to control life, leading to defeat and dependence on others
110
under age 3 depression
feeding problems, tantrums, lack of playfullness
111
ages 3 to 5 depression
accident proneness, phobias, excessive self-reproach
112
ages 6 to 8 depression
physical complaints, aggressive, clinging
113
ages 9 to 12 depression
morbid thoughts and excessive worrying
114
SSRI
first line of defense for depression, anorexia, bulimia, OCD, suicide, Hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder- watch for serotonin syndrome, usually continued for six months and then reevaluated
115
transient depression
not necessarily dysfunctional, feeling the blues, some difficulty getting one's mind off of disappointments
116
mild depression
normal grieving
117
moderate depression
helpless, powerless, retarded thinking process
118
severe depression
despair, worthlessness, flat affect, apathy, anhedonia, curled up position
119
what age groups are at high risk for suicide?
over 50 years of age and adolescents
120
Celexa
SSRI
121
Prozac
SSRI
122
Sarafem
SSRI
123
Paxil
SSRI
124
Zoloft
SSRI
125
Nardil
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOIs)
126
Parnate
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOIs)
127
MAOIs
can't use with anything else, typically not a first line of defense
128
tricyclics
lowers BMR
129
unilateral ECT
less memory loss, less affective
130
bilateral ECT
more memory loss, more affective
131
bipolar I
mania
132
bipolar II
depression
133
cyclothymic disorder
hypomania and depressed, at least two year duration
134
what class of individuals is more likely to have bipolar disorder?
higher social classes
135
FIND
child scale to determine bipolar disorder: Frequency- symptoms occur most days of the week, Intensity- symptoms are severe enough to interfere with life, Number- symptoms occur 3 to 4 times a day, Duration- symptoms occur 4 or more hours a day
136
lithium
drug of choice for bipolar disorder- salt competes with sodium levels
137
atypical antipsychotic
used for noncompliance of patient with lithium
138
stage one bipolar
hypomania- not sufficiently severe, cheerful and expansive
139
stage two bipolar
acute mania- euphoria, excessive psychomotor, sexual interest, bizarre dress
140
stage three bipolar
delirious mania- severe clouding of consciousness, rare due to antipsychotic meds
141
why would you use antidepressants with care?
if person is severely depressed, antidepressant could give them enough energy to follow through on suicidal or dangerous behaviors
142
therapeutic range for lithium
.5-1.5 mEq/L
143
lithium
antimanic
144
Tegretol
anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer
145
Depakene
anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer
146
Depakote
anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer
147
generalized anxiety disorder
chronic, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry
148
agoraphobia
fear of being in places and situations where escape might be difficult
149
obsessions
unwanted. intrusive, persistent ideas, may be associated with anxiety disorders
150
compulsions
unwanted repetitive behavior patterns or mental acts that are intended to reduce anxiety, not to provide pleasure or gratification
151
why do you need to wean client off of benzodiazepines and SSRIs slowly?
tolerance and addiction
152
systematic desensitization
client is gradually exposed to the phobic stimulus
153
implosion therapy
flooding- must imagine or participate in situations that they are scared of for extended amounts of time and relaxation technique is not part of this
154
Xanax
benzodiazepine
155
Klonopin
benzodiazepine
156
Valium
benzodiazepine
157
Ativan
benzodiazepine
158
why would we give an antihypertensive med to an anxious patient?
beta blocker to slow heart rate and blood pressure
159
PTSD treatment
benzodiazepine to SSRI
160
somatization disorder
perceiving an illness, disorder is chronic, substance abuse common
161
primary gain
client avoids unpleasant activity
162
secondary gain
symptoms promote emotional support or attention (sympathy)
163
tertiary gain
physical symptom may take such a position that the real issue is disregarded and remains unresolved (their life now revolves around issue)
164
hypochondriasis
believing you had a disease, anxiety, depression, OCD, antidepressant
165
la bella indifference
lack of concern that is out of keeping with the severity of the impairment- clue to physicians that problem is psychological, rather than physical
166
localized amnesia
inability to recall all incidents associated with the traumatic event for a specific period following the event
167
selective amnesia
inability to recall only certain incidents associated with traumatic event for a specific period following the event
168
continuous amnesia
inability to recall events occurring after a specific time up to and including the present
169
generalized amnesia
inability to recall anything that has happened during the individual's entire lifetime
170
systematized amnesia
inability to recall events relating to a specific category of information, such as one's family or one particular person or event
171
dissociative fugue
sudden, unexpected travel away from home or workplace and individual is unable to recall personal identity and assumption of a new identity is common
172
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
existence of two or more personalities with a single individual
173
depersonalization disorder
detachment from oneself or observing oneself from outside the body
174
depersonalization
disturbance in the perception of oneself
175
derealization
alteration in the perception of the external environment
175
Topamax
Anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer
176
Librium
Benzodiazepine
177
Restoril
Benzodiazepine
178
Luvox
SSRI
179
Lexapro
SSRI
180
Wellbutrin/Zypan
Tricyclic
181
Remeron
Tricyclic
182
Deseryl
Tricyclic
183
Effexor
Tricyclic
185
Buspar
Anxiolytic
186
symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
tremors in hands, nausea, tachycardia, anxiety, etc
187
symptoms of CNS stimulant withdrawal
cocaine & amphetamines: insomnia, vivid dreams, increased appetite, psychomotor retardation
188
Benzodiazepine
Anxiety, substance abuse, PTSD, phobia
188
symptoms of opioid withdrawal
heroin: nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, fever
