Flashcards in Chapter 13: Med Surg Deck (89)
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1
regeneration
replacement of lost cells and tissues with cells of the same type
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repair
healing as a result of lost cells being replaced by connective tissue
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epithelial regenerative ability
skin, blood vessels, mucous membrane; readily regenerate
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connective tissue regenerative ability
bone active tissue regenerates, cartilage regeneration possible but slow, tendons and ligaments regeneration possible but slow, blood cells actively regenerate
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muscle regenerative ability
smooth regeneration possible mostly in GI tract, cardiac muscle is replaced by connective tissue, skeletal muscle some regeneration in moderately damaged muscle, but mostly connective tissue replaces severely damaged
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nerve regenerative ability
neuronal is nonmitotic aka irreversibly damaged, glial the cells regenerate and scar tissue replaces
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what type of cells regenerate constantly?
labile cells (skin, lymphoid, bone marrow, and mucous membranes)
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what type of cells only regenerate if damaged?
stable cells (liver, pancreas, kidney, bone cells)
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what type of cells do not regenerate?
CNS and skeletal and cells muscle
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primary intention
healing takes place where wound margins are neatly approximated (e.g. surgical incision or paper cut)
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initial phase
lasts for 3-5 days, incision fills with blood to form clots and begin healing process, macrophages ingest and digest debris and fragments to begin capillary growth
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granulation phase
5 days-4 weeks, fibroblasts migrate, secrete collagen, the wound is pink, vascular, and red granules are present, wound begins to resemble adjacent skin
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maturation phase and scar contraction
7 days to several months, overlaps granulation phase, fibroblasts disappear as the wound becomes stronger, myofibroblasts help to cause contraction and close the wound, may be painful
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secondary intention
wounds that occur from trauma, ulceration, and infection have large amounts of exudate and wide irregular wound margins, healing and granulation take place from the edges inward and from the bottom upward and there is more granulation tissue, so the scar is bigger
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tertiary intention
delayed primary healing, wound may be left open and sutured closed after the infection is controlled, resulting in a larger and deeper scar
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what classifies a wound as chronic?
does not heal within 3 months
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red wound
superficial or deep, clean and pink, possible serosanguineous
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examples of red wounds
skin tears, stage 2 pressure ulcers, partial thickness loss, second degree burns, wounds that heal by secondary intention
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red wound dressings
transparent dressing, hydrocolloid, gauze, gentle atraumatic cleansing permeable to oxygen
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yellow wound
prescence of slough or soft necrotic tissue, creamy ivory to yellow-green
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examples of yellow wounds
wounds with nonviable necrotic tissue
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yellow wound dressings
absorptive dressing, hydrocolloidal dressing, hydrogel, wound irrigations, moist gauze, wound cleansing to remove nonviable tissue and absorb excess drainage, left in place for up to 7 days
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black wound
black, gray, or brown, eschar, risk of wound infection high
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examples of black wounds
full thickness loss, third degree burns, stage 3 and 4 pressure ulcers, gangrenous ulcers
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black wound dressings
topical debridement, hydrogel, absorptive dressing, debridement of eschar and nonviable tissue
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lack of Vitamin C effects the wound by
delays collagen production for fiber and capillary development
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lack of protein effects the wound by
decreases amino acids for tissue repair
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lack of zinc effects the wound by
impairs epithelialization
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inadequate blood supply effects the wound by
decreases supply of nutrients to the effected area, decreases removal of nonviable tissue, inhibits inflammatory response necessary in the initial stage
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