Flashcards in Psych -final Deck (115)
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1
a person's ability to adapt to the environment and learn from experience
intelligence
2
a subarea of psychology that develops psychological tests that assess an individual’s abilities, skills, beliefs, and personality traits in a wide range of settings
psychometrics
3
reported to have measured intelligence in an objective way. One of the first to use the psychometric approach.
charles spearman
4
intelligence has a general mental ability factor, g, that represents what different cognitive tasks have in common (one # defines how smart you are)
general intelligence theory
5
rejected the idea that a single # can tell us our intelligence. We actually have many difference kinds of intelligence...
howard gardner
6
there are at least nine different types of intelligence; verbal, musical, spatial, mathematical, movement, understanding self, understanding others, naturalistic, and existential. (gave you a number based on these, at least 9 numbers)
multiple intelligence theory
7
a better way to measure intelligence is to analyze three types of reasoning processes, being able to solve problems...
robert sternberg
8
intelligence can be divided into three reasoning processes: analytical, creative, and practical
triarchic theory
9
measured intelligence by the size of your head
francis galton
10
said the bigger the brain, the more intelligent the person
paul broca
11
: appointed to a committee to distinguish between normal children and intellectually deficient children (idiots, imbeciles, and morons). How can we easily measure a person’s ability to perform cognitive tasks?
alfred binet
12
items arranged in order of increasing difficulty. The items measured vocabulary, memory, common knowledge, and other cognitive abilities.
binet-simon intelligence scale
13
a measure that estimates a child’s intellectual progress by comparing the child’s score on an intelligence test ot the scores of average children the same age.
mental age
14
developed the Stanford-Binet intelligence Scale. Improved on the concept of mental age
lewis terman
15
mental age/chronological ageX100
IQ
16
a. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
b. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
examples of IQ tests
17
the test is measuring what it is supposed to measure(hitting the target)
validity of IQ tests
18
consistency...a person’s score on the test at one point in time should be similar to the score obtained at a later time
reliability of IQ tests
19
How far the scores are from the mean.
standard deviations
20
a statistical arrangement of scores where the vast majority of scores fall in the middle range and fewer falling near the extreme ends of the curve
normal distribution
21
the various physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act in a specific way at a particular time
motivation
22
3 characteristics of motivation
1. You are energized to engage in some activity
2. You direct your energy toward reaching a specific goal
3. You have different intensities of feelings about reaching that goal
23
humans are motivated by a variety of tendencies or biological forces that determine behavior.
instinct approach
24
we are motivated to seek out activities that provide a level of stimulation that allows us to maintain our optimal level of arousal
arousal theory
25
performance on a task is an interaction between the level of physiological arousal and the difficulty of the task
yerkes-dodson law
26
someone who needs more arousal than the normal person
sensation seeker
27
motivation to perform an activity occurs because the reward/pleasure center in the brain has been stimulated (nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area). We feel good when eating, gambling, drugs, sex.
reward/pleasure center approach
28
neurotransmitter involved in pleasure.
dopamine
29
as we aim to fulfill our basic needs, we experience different types of motivation
self-determination theory
30
