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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

approach that takes into account only the physical and medical causes of a psychological disorder

A

biomedical approach

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2
Q

approach that considers relative contributions of biological, psychological, and social components to an individual’s psychological disorder

A

biopsychosocial approach

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3
Q

is used to diagnose psychological disorders; categorizes mental disorders based on symptom patterns

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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4
Q

type of psychological disorder:

the prototypical disorder with psychosis as a feature; contains positive and negative symptoms

A

schizophrenia

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5
Q

type of symptom of schizophrenia:
add something to behavior, cognition, or affect;
include: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior

A

positive symptoms

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6
Q

type of symptom of schizophrenia:
the loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect;
include: disturbance of affect and avolition

A

negative symptoms

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7
Q

type of psychological disorder:

include major depressive disorder, disthymia, and seasonal affective disorder

A

depressive disorders

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8
Q

psychological disorder:

contains at least one major depressive episode

A

major depressive disorder

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9
Q

psychological disorder:

the presence of depressive symptoms for at least two years that do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder

A

disthymia (persistent depressive disorder)

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10
Q

type of psychological disorder:

have manic or hypomanic episodes

A

bipolar and related disorders

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11
Q

psychological disorder:

contains at least one manic episode

A

bipolar I disorder

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12
Q

psychological disorder:

contains at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode

A

bipolar II disorder

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13
Q

psychological disorder:
describes periods of manic and depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to be labeled an episode; these symptoms must persist for at least two years and be present the majority of that time

A

cyclothymic disorder

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14
Q

type of psychological disorder:
capture conditions in which excessive fear or anxiety impairs one’s daily functions; differentiated by the stimuli that induces anxiety

A

anxiety disorders

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15
Q

psychological disorder:

irrational fears of specific objects or situations

A

specific phobias

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16
Q

psychological disorder:
anxiety due to separation from one’s caregivers, often with ideation that if separated, either the caregiver or the patient will be harmed

A

separation anxiety

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17
Q

psychological disorder:

anxiety due to social or performance situations with ideation that the patient will be negatively evaluated

A

social anxiety disorder

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18
Q

psychological disorder:

disorder is the impairment of speech in situations where speaking is expected

A

selective mutism

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19
Q

psychological disorder:

marked by recurrent panic attacks; may lead to agoraphobia

A

panic disorder

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20
Q

intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus

A

panic attack

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21
Q

psychological disorder:

a fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

A

agoraphobia

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22
Q

psychological disorder:

a disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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23
Q

type of psychological disorder:

characterized by perceived needs (obsessions or preoccupations) and paired actions to meet those needs (compulsions)

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders

24
Q

psychological disorder:
characterized by obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life)

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

25
Q

psychological disorder:
characterized by an unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s appearance or a specific body part; individual often takes extreme measures to correct the perceived imperfection

A

body dysmorphic disorder

26
Q

psychological disorder:
characterized by the reluctance of giving up one’s physical possessions; behavior is often associated with excessive acquisition of physical items

A

hoarding disorder

27
Q

type of psychological disorder:
characterized by intrusion symptoms (reliving the event, flashbacks, nightmares), avoidance symptoms (avoidance of people, places, objects associated with trauma), negative cognitive symptoms (amnesia, negative mood and emotions), and arousal symptoms (increased startle response, irritability, anxiety); symptoms can be explained from behaviorist perspective

A

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

28
Q

type of psychological disorder:

include dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, and depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

dissociative disorders

29
Q

psychological disorder:
an inability to recall past experience without any underlying neurological disorder; in severe forms, it may involve dissociative fugue

A

dissociation disorder

30
Q

a sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of new identity

A

dissociative fugue

31
Q

psychological disorder:

the occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior

A

dissociative identity disorder

32
Q

psychological disorder:

involves feelings of detachment from the mind and body or from the environment

A

depersonalization/derealization disorder

33
Q

type of psychological disorder:

involve significant bodily disorders

A

somatic symptoms and related disorders

34
Q

psychological disorder:
involves at least one somatic symptom, which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern

A

somatic symptom disorder

35
Q

psychological disorder:

a preoccupation with thoughts about having, or coming down with, a serious medical condition

A

illness anxiety disorder

36
Q

psychological disorder:

involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function and is associated with prior trauma

A

conversion disorder

37
Q

type of psychological disorder:
patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least two of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control;
occur in three clusters: A (odd, eccentric), B (dramatic, emotional, erratic), and C (anxious, fearful)

A

personality disorders (PD)

38
Q

cluster of PDs:

includes paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid

A

cluster A

39
Q

cluster of PDs:

includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissitic

A

cluster B

40
Q

cluster of PDs:

includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive

A

cluster C

41
Q

psychological disorder:

involves a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others

A

paranoid PD

42
Q

psychological disorder:

involves ideas of reference, magical thinking, and eccentricity

A

schizotypal PD

43
Q

psychological disorder:

involves detachment from social relationships, and limited emotion

A

schizoid PD

44
Q

psychological disorder:

involves a disregard for the rights of others

A

antisocial PD

45
Q

psychological disorder:
involves instability in relationships, mood, and self-image; splitting is characteristic, as are recurrent suicide attempts

A

borderline PD

46
Q

psychological disorder:

involves constant attention-seeking behavior

A

histrionic PD

47
Q

psychological disorder:

involves a grandiose sense of self importance and need for admiration

A

narcissistic PD

48
Q

psychological disorder:

involves extreme shyness and fear of rejection

A

avoidant PD

49
Q

psychological disorder:

involves a continuous need for reassurance

A

dependent PD

50
Q

psychological disorder:

involves perfectionism, inflexibility, and preoccupation with rules

A

obsessive-compulsive PD

51
Q

biological basis of nervous system disorder:
may be associated with genetic factors, birth trauma, adolescent marijuana use, and family history; there are high levels of dopaminergic transmissions

A

schizophrenia

52
Q

biological basis of nervous system disorder:

accompanied by high levels of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

A

depression

53
Q

biological basis of nervous system disorder:

accompanied by high levels of norepinephrine and serotonin; are highly heritable

A

bipolar disorders

54
Q

biological basis of nervous system disorder:
associated with genetic factors, brain atrophy, decreases in acetylcholine, senile plaques of β-amyloid, and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

A

Alzheimer’s disease

55
Q

biological basis of nervous system disorder:
associated with bradykinesia, resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor, mask like facies, cogwheel rigidity, and a shuffling gait; decreased production of dopamine by cells in the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (13 decks)

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