Social Interaction

Question 1

a position in society used to classify individuals

Answer 1

status

Question 2

status:

involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, and so on

Answer 2

ascribed status

Question 3

status:

voluntarily earned by an individual

Answer 3

achieved status

Question 4

status:

the status by which an individual is primarily identified

Answer 4

master status

Question 5

a set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation

Answer 5

role

Question 6

role:

refers to carrying out the behaviors of a given role

Answer 6

role performance

Question 7

role:

a person with whom one is interacting who helps define the roles within the relationship

Answer 7

role partner

Question 8

role:

contains all of the different roles associated with a status

Answer 8

role set

Question 9

role:

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously

Answer 9

role conflict

Question 10

role:

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously

Answer 10

role strain

Question 11

made up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity

Answer 11

groups

Question 12

group:

a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages, or statuses

Answer 12

peer group

Question 13

group:

the group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married

Answer 13

family group

Question 14

group:

a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member

Answer 14

in-group

Question 15

group:

a social group with which an individual does not identify

Answer 15

out-group

Question 16

group:

occurs when an out-group competes with or opposes an in-group

Answer 16

group conflict

Question 17

group:

a group to which an individual compares him- or herself

Answer 17

reference group

Question 18

group:

groups that contain strong, emotional bonds

Answer 18

primary groups

Question 19

group:

groups that are often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall

Answer 19

secondary groups

Question 20

group:

a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography

Answer 20

gemeinschaft (community)

Question 21

group:

a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal

Answer 21

gesselschaft (society)

Question 22

group:

occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views without critical evaluation

Answer 22

groupthink

Question 23

an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups

Answer 23

network

Question 24

bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals

Answer 24

organization

Question 25

model of emotional expression:

states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures

Answer 25

basic model

Question 26

model of emotional expression:

states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions

Answer 26

social construction model

Question 27

unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion

Answer 27

display rules

Question 28

a shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography

Answer 28

cultural syndrome

Question 29

refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies

Answer 29

impression management

Question 30

strategy of impression management:

sharing factual information

Answer 30

self-disclosure

Question 31

strategy of impression management:

refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image

Answer 31

managing appearances

Question 32

strategy of impression management:

using flattery or conformity to win over someone else

Answer 32

ingratiation

Question 33

strategy of impression management:

the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior

Answer 33

aligning actions

Question 34

strategy of impression management:

imposing an identity onto another person

Answer 34

alter-casting

Question 35

says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience

Answer 35

dramaturgical approach

Question 36

dramaturgical approach:

where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image

Answer 36

front stage

Question 37

dramaturgical approach:

where the individual is not in front of the audience and is free to act outside of his desired image

Answer 37

back stage

Question 38

the ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals, or behavior

Answer 38

communication

Question 39

communication:

the conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words

Answer 39

verval communication

Question 40

communication:
the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures

Answer 40

nonverbal communication

Question 41

communication:
takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well; animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalization to communicate

Answer 41

animal communication