Quiz 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is Carolus Linnaeus famous for?
Developing the taxonomic naming structure
What are the six groups van Leehoewok observed?
Fungus
Protozoa
Algae
Prokaryotes
Parasites
Eukaryotic cells include
Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protozoans
Prokaryotic cells include
Bacteria and Archaea
All cells have:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic information
Most part is DNA-> RNA-> Protein
Properties of Fungi
1) Eukaryotic cells
2) Obtain food from other
Heterotrophic
Sapphotrylic
Breaks down other things
Have cell walls
Make up are different than bacteria cell walls
Fungi include:
Molds
Multicellular; long filaments, reproduced by sexual and asexual spores
Yeasts
Unicellular; reproduce asexually by budding
Some produce sexual spores
Mushrooms ( large, visible fruiting bodies)
Lichens ( partnership between algae and fungi)
Properties of protoza
Unicellular eukaryotic cells
Animal like
Heterotrophic
Cell structure
No cell wall
Some have a chitinous structure around their cell membrane
High mobile
Live freely
Typically in water and sometimes hosts
Malaria pathogen
Trypanosomes that cause African Sleeping Sickness
Pseudopodia
False feet extension that flow in direction of travel
Cilia
Short hair like protrusions
Numerous
Flagella
Whips
Cell extension
Fewer and longer than cilia
Reproduction
Most asexually
Some reproduce sexually
Malaria
Trypanosomes have multiple life stages- some sexual and some asexual
Properties of Algae
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Makes own food
Autotrophic
Photosynthesis
Simple reproduction
Diverse groups from seaweed to diatoms
Pigmentation
Storage production
Cell wall composition
What are Viruses that infect bacteria called?
Bacteriophages
What are the four questions scientists tried to addres?
Is spontaneous generation of microbial life possible
What causes fermentation
What causes disease
How cane we prevent infection and disease
What are two of Pasteur’s famous experiments?
1) Proved that abiogenesis does not happen
2) Figured out fermentation
Explain how Pasteur proved that abiogenesis does not happen
He showed that these things did not just appear out of nowhere but that they came from external sources
Swan neck flask helped to demonstrate that
Allows air to get through but not dust
When he boiled the media, it was still clear for over 18 months
But there was a collection of stuff in the bend of the neck
Explain Pasteur’s work with fermentation.
Told the wine vintners that they needed to add the yeast and seal it. This will ferment it, but won’t spoil it.
Who was Ignaz Semmelweis?
Physician on the childbirth ward and that women on the ward that we being attended by medical students
Med students carried microbes from cadavers
Developed hand washing
Who was Florence Nightengale?
British nurse
Founder of Modern Nursing
Introduced hygiene practices that reduced mortality
Who was Edward Jenner?
Father of vaccination. Heard that dairymaid were protected against smallpox because of their immunity gained from cowpox
Helped advance smallpox vaccines
Who was John Snow?
Father of Epidemiology
Discovered the cause and spread of Cholera
Who was Joseph Lister?
British surgeon
Father of antiseptic medicine with the use of carbonic ( fenyl ) acid
Who was Robert Koch?
Father of the Modern Microbiology Lab
Bacteriologist
Discovered the bacteria anthrax by looking at cow’s blood
Studied TB and developed a staining method
Who was Paul Ehrich?
Father of Chemotherapy
Use of any chemicals for the treatment of a disease
Discovered that we can use the chemicals to treat and defend ourselves
That the chemicals would affect the microbes differently from the host
What are Koch’s Postulates?
Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and absent from healthy
Agent must be isolated and grown outside of the host to facilitate study
When introduced into healthy susceptible host, the host must get the same disease
Sometimes called a “ challenge experiment”
Same agent must be re-isolated from the diseases experimental host animals
What did Angelina Fanny Hesse develop?
Agar
Ribosomes in eukaryotes
80S ribosomes
Ribosomes in prokaryotes
70S ribosomes
