Quiz 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Many bacteria oxidize _______as the primary source for anabolic reactions
carbs
Where does this oxidation occur in eukaryotes?
Mitochondria
Where does this occur in prokaryotes?
t happens in the cells
Glucose (6-carbon sugar) catabolized by…
Cellular respiration and fermentation
What is Divided into three stages involving 10 steps
Gylcolysis
What are the three stages of glycolysis?
Energy investment, lysis, energy-conserving stage
What happens in the energy investment stage?
Take 2 ATP molecules and rip a phosphate off to form an enzymic reaction
What happens in lysis?
Breaking
Start with the six carbon sugar- enzyme number 4 and rip it in half- six carbon sugar to 2 3-carbon sugars
What happens in Energy-conserving stage
Where we get ATP
Reducing 2NAD+ to 2NADPH
Using 2 ATP and Making 4 ATP for a total gain of 2 ATP
We also get 2 pyruvic acids
What happens in the Formation of Acoetule-CoA?
Pyruvic acid made in glycolysis is modified with the addition of coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA
For every glucose molecule in glycolysis we will have two of each of these products
Release 2 CO2
Reduce 2 NAD+ to 2 NADPH
Electron transport chain
2 Acetyl-CoA molecules
In the presence of oxygen will feed into the Krebs cycle
Where does the Kreb’s Cycle occur in bacteria?
cytoplasm
Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur in eukaryotes?
mitochondria
What is Citrate synthase?
It synthasizes citrate
Explain how citrate is made
Takes acetyl-CoA combines it to oxaloacetate to produce citrate
It will keep doing this for every acetyl-CoA
For ever glucose in, cycle occurs 2 times
What are the results from the Kreb’s Cycle?
Two molecules of ATP
Two molecules of FADH2
FAD reduced to FADH2
Six molecules of NADH
Reduction of NAD+ to NADH
4 molecules of CO2
Where does the Most significant production of ATP occurs from series of redox reaction?
The electron transport chain
What is the ETC?
Series of carrier molecules that pass electrons from one to another to final electron acceptor
What is the final acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration and what is produced?
Oxygen; water
What is the purpose of fermentation?
Entire purpose of fermentation is to oxidize NADPH to NAD+ to drive glycolysis
What are the takeaway from cellular respiration?
1 glucose molecule in
Use 2 ATP molcules
And produce anywhere 28-42 ATP molecules ( varies)
Majority made in the electron transport chain
Reduce 10 NAD + TO 10 NADH
Reduce 2 fad to 2 fadh2
Produce 2 H20 molecules
What are the takeaways of fermentation?
Not completely breaking down those sugars
Not as energetically efficient as respiration
Useful energy remains in the waste products
Ethanol, acetic acid
Look at side
Look at side on different waste products we utlize for our own purposes
Glycolysis
Then conversion of pyruvic acid into another compound ( organic wast products)- Some ATP too
Not going to completely breakdown- ethelol, acidic acid
Only 2 ATP are produced in fermentation
What is a Facultative?
Can either live in an oxygen rich or oxygen poor environment
Yeast
What is an obligate?
Cannot live in an environment where oxygen is present
Go through anaerobic respiration processes
What is chemiosmosis
The production of ATP through ATP Synthesis
