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Quiz 3 Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Digestive System

1
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

GI tract

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2
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

In mouth
Chewing / Mastication

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3
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Starts in mouth
Salivary amylase begins carbs breakdown

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4
Q

Alimentary Canal Wall - Deep to Superficial

A

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis
4) Serosa (visceral peritoneum)

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5
Q

Mixing

A

Segmentation

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6
Q

Propelling

A

Peristalsis - moving forward (wavelike motion of smooth muscle)

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7
Q

Labial Frenulum

A

Folded membrane between lips and gums

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8
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Folded membrane between tongue and bottom of mouth

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9
Q

Papillae

A

Rough projections on the tongue
Taste buds are located INSIDE the papillae

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10
Q

Palate (hard/soft)

A

Roof of the mouth
Hard - bone
Soft - tissue

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11
Q

Uvula

A

Tear shaped tissue dangling in back of the throat

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12
Q

Tonsils

A

Pharyngeal (adenoids)
Palatine (tonsillectomy)
Lingual - at the root of the tongue

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13
Q

Enamel

A

Hardest substance in human body

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14
Q

Primary teeth

A

Deciduous

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15
Q

Second teeth

A

Pernament

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16
Q

Wisdom teeth

A

Third molars

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17
Q

Salivary glands

A

1) Parotid - near the ear, watery saliva (serous fluid), largest
2) Submandibular - near lower jaw
3) Sublingual - contain lot of mucus

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18
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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19
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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20
Q

Bolus

A

A mass of swallowed food, drink, saliva, etc

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21
Q

Esophageal Hiatus

A

Natural opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus to pass through stomach

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22
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

stomach pokes upward through hiatus into thoracic cavity

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23
Q

Sphincter between esophagus and stomach

A

3 names:
1) Lower esophageal
2) Gastroesophageal
3) Cardiac

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24
Q

Sphincter between stomach and duodenum

A

Pyloric

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25
Capacity of adult stomach
About 1 liter
26
Rugae
Folds in stomach lining
27
Fundus
Upper, rounded part of the stomach
28
Most important gastric digestive enzyme
Pepsin - starts of as pepsinogen
29
Stomach acid
Hydrochloric acid (HCI)
30
Which gastric cells make intrinsic factor and HCI
Parietal cells
31
Intrinsic factor
made in stomach, used in small intestine required for B12 absorption
32
Cholecystokinin
CCK Peptide hormone produced in small intestine, released when we consume proteins and fats Stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes and gallbladder to contract to release bile Influences gastric emptying and satiety
33
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease - can lead to esophageal cancer
34
Antacids
OTC medication for reflux, contain: Na - sodium Ca - calcium Mg - magnesium Al - aluminum
35
Chyme
Semifluid paste of partially digested food, fluids, and digestive juices
36
Emetics
Induce vomiting
37
Antiemetics
Prevent vomiting
38
Vomiting and nausea center in the central nervous system
Medulla oblongata
39
What does pancreas produce
Exocrine production of: 1) Pancreatic amylase (carbs) 2) Lipases (fats) 3) Proteases (proteins) 4) Nucleases (nucleic acids) Also produces bicarbonate ion (HCO3) to raise PH of material leaving stomach
40
Liver
Largest internal organ Detoxifies Makes cholesterol, urea, bile, and plasma proteins Converts excess carbs to fats Stores glycogen, Fe, vitamins A, D, B12 Helps with breakdown/recycling of worn-out RBCs
41
Hepatic Portal Vein
Brings nutrients absorbed from small intestine to the liver
42
Most abundant component of bile
Bile salts - the only component of bile with a digestive function
43
Insulin vs glucagon
In the liver Insulin stimulates the liver cells to convert glucose to glycogen Glucagon stimulates the liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose
44
Cholecystogram
x ray of gallbladder
45
cholelithiasis
gall bladder stones
46
cholecystectomy
gall bladder removal
47
cholengiogram
the bile duct x ray
48
Where is bile made/stored
Made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder
49
Emulsification
To break up into smaller droplets
50
Purpose of the bile
To emulsify fats
51
Results of decreased bile salt production
Poor lipid absorption and vitamin deficiency (fat soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K)
52
Three sections of small intestine
Duodenum (most digestion happen here) Jejunum (absorption) Ilium (absorption)
53
Villus / Villi
finger-like projections in the small intestine
54
Microvilli
brush border (villi on villi)
55
Lacteals
In the villi lymphatic capillaries that pick-up dietary fats
56
Carb digestion begins where
Mouth
57
Protein digestion begins where
Stomach
58
Triglyceride/ lipid digestion begins where
Duodenum (small intestine)
59
VLDL and LDL
Bad cholesterol (very low and low density lipoproteins) More lipids, less proteins
60
HDL
Good cholesterol More protein, less lipids High density lipoproteins
61
What does HDL do
Picks up cholesterol from tissues and returns it to the liver
62
Colon
Large intestine
63
What does colon absorb
Water and electrolytes
64
Structure of the colon in order - from cecum
Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus
65
Appendix
Attached to the cecum Reservoir for good bacteria
66
Anal sphincters
2 - internal and external
67
Varicose veins
Hemorrhoids - of the anus, can be external and internal
68
What percentage of water that enters colon is absorbed
90%
69
Feces is ____% water
75%
70
Bacteria in colon produces which vitamins
Vitamin K (blood clotting) Vitamin B12 Thiamine Riboflavin

APH217 (10 decks)

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