1. Acetyl CoA 2. GDP/ADP 3. 3 NAD 4. 1 FAD

quiz 4 Flashcards by Kennedy O'Connor

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o - oxidation
i-is
l- losing H+

r=reduction
i=is
g= gaining H+

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NADH is a

reduction reaction
-NAD —- NADH

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by-product of NADH pathways

glycolysis, PDH, Krebs and beta oxidation

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only glycolysis is outside of the

mitochondria

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NADH goes to

mitochondria and ETC and ATP is made

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FADH is a

reduction reaction
-FAD —- FADH2

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by-product of FADH pathways

krebs and beta-oxidation

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all FADH2 is produced inside

mitochondria

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FADH2 goes to

mitochondria and ETC
-ATP is made

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how do we get glycolytic NADH’s into the mitochondria and ECT

malate Asparte Shuttle
glycerol-phosphate shuttle

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ETC is a

oxidative reaction

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1 NADH is mitochondrial matrix =

2.5 ATP because of ETC

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1 FADH in the mitochondrial matrix

1.5 ATP because of ETC

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Reducing equivalents transfers

H and e into mitochondria]
-NAD stays outside

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glycerol phosphate shuttle

transfers H and E into mitochondria to make ATP
-NAD stays outside
- NADH. to FADH
- to ETC in mitochondria

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mitochondrial pathways

PDH
Beta Oxidation
Krebs Cycle
ETC

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pyruvate dehydrogenase

links glycolysis and kreb cycle together

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pyruvate is produced by glycolysis in

in the sarcoplasm

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PDH converts pyruvate

to Acetyl-CoA

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after PDH converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

uses CoA - substrate
Makes NADH (can be used in the ETC)
Makes CO2
Acetyl-CoA enters Kreb cycle

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a substrate of kreb cycle is

acetyl CoAQ

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Kreb cycle does not have

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krebs cycle: 1 molecule of glucose =

= 2 turns of krebs cycle
-2 pyruvate then 2 acetyl CoA

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substrates

Acetyl CoA
GDP/ADP
3 NAD
1 FAD

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Products

1. Oxaloacetate (OAA) 2. GTP/ATP 3. 3 NADH 4. 1 FADH2

counting ATP for PDH-->pyruvate-->Acetyl CoA

1 NADH x 2.5 ATP = 2.5 ATP

3 NADH for one spin krebs cycle

3 NADH x 2.5 ATP = 7.5

1 FADH2 for one spin krebs cycle

1 FADH2 X 1.5 ATP = 1.5 ATP

1 GTP For one spin Krebs cycle

1 ATP

how many total ATP for one spin of Kreb cycle

rate-limiting enzyme for Krebs cycle

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

isocitrate dehydrogenase is inhibited by

ATP and NADH

isocitrate dehydrogenase is activated by

ADP and NAD

kreb cycle occurs in the

mitochondria matrix

end molecule of kreb cycle is

OAA

1 molecule glucose =

2 pyruvate and 2 acetyl CoA

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1. citrate 2. isocitrate 3. Alpha- ketogluterate 4. succinyl CoA 5. succinate 6. Fumarate 7. Malate 8. Oxaloacetate

slow path ways- Beta Oxidation occurs in the

mitochondrial matrix

beta-oxidation breaks

breaks fatty acids down to Acetyl CoA -no O2

NADH produced by beta-oxidation

goes to ETC

fatty acids is a

substrate of beta oxidation

acetyl CoA is a

substrate going into the kreb cycle

substrates for beta-oxidation

fatty acids, CoA, FAD, NAD

products of beta-oxidation

Acetyl- CoA, FADh2, NADH

integration of Beta oxidation and bioenergetics

acetyl CoA and reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH)

slow pathways - ETC located in

mitochondrial matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane

products of ETC

1. NAD 2. FAD 3. H2O 4. ATP

ETC pumps H into intermembrane space

building gradient causes H to flow back into matrix via ATP synthase

no O2 present

ETC unable to perform O2 dependent ATP synthesis

three pathways used in glucose oxidation

1. glycolysis 2. krebs cycle 3. ETC 4. PDH

end products of incomplete oxidation of glucose

pyruvate and lactate -during high intensity

end products of complete oxidation of glucose

pyruvate to the mitochondria -during low intensity -substrate level phosphorylation =ATP

glycolysis RE

NADH

Linker enzyme of glycolysis

PDH, NADH, CO2, Acetyl -CoA

ETC

oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP, NAD and FADH

Krebs cycle RE

NADH and FADH2, CO2 substrate level phosphorylation =ATP

what shuttle transport glucose

GLUT 4

3 main bioenergetics pathways used in fat oxidation

1. krebs cycle 2. ETC 3. Beta oxidation

all bioenergetics use ____ as fuel are found within the _____

fat and mitochondria

possible fuels: blood fatty acids

dietary and adipose tissue and IMTG

Mobilizing fatty acids from stored trig through

lipolysis (HSL) -if adipose- then transport muscle -if IMTG, then already in muscle

events leading to using fat as fuel

1. mobilize 2. transport fatty acids to muscle 3. transport fatty acids into muscle 4. Activation 5. transport into mitochondria 6. oxidize

transport fatty acids to muscle

albumin -if IMTG then no albumin transport

Transport fatty acids into the muscle cell

FATPs FABP needed as a chaperone in cell (fatty acid binding protein)

activation of fatty acids

Acetyl - CoA synthase uses ATP and adds CoA to fatty acids

transport fatty acids into mitochondria

CPTS, acetyl -coA activates fatty acid and requires 2 ATP equivalents

oxidize fatty acids

beta-oxidation (catabolic) -makes 2- C acetylCoA from fatty acid RE - NADH And FADH

ETC uses NADH and FADH from

beta oxidation and kreb cycle

how many times does beta-oxidation "spin"

of carbons/2 - 1

how many actetly coA we get from fatty acids

of carbon/2

beta oxidation =NADH and FADH

1 per spin

FATPs increase the transport of blood FFA and increase amount of FFA due to

HSL

low glycogen states =

increase use of protein as fuel

quiz 4 Flashcards

(73 cards)