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quiz 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

sympathetic nervous system innervates

A

smooth muscle in arteries and arterioles

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2
Q

baseline sympathetic activity =

A

vasomotor tone

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3
Q

increase sympathetic activity

A

increase vasoconstriction

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4
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

right and left atria
and right and left ventricles

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5
Q

right and left atria

A

top chambers
- recieve from vena cava
recieve from pulmonary vein

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6
Q

right and left ventricles

A

bottom chambers
- pump to pulmonary artery
-pump to aorta

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7
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle
- type 1 muscle
high number of mitochondria and capillary

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8
Q

cardiac muscle fibers physically connected by

A

intercalated disks and desomones

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9
Q

cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected by

A

gap junctions

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10
Q

where is the most myocardium

A

left ventricle

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11
Q

intrinsic conduction system

A

SA node to AV node to AV bundle to Purkinje fibers

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12
Q

intrinsic heat beat is set at

A

100 beats per min

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13
Q

SA node

A

initiates contraction signal and stimulates right atria

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14
Q

AV nodes

A

relays signal to ventricles

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15
Q

delay in RA allows

A

ventricles to fill during diastole

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16
Q

AV bundle

A

relays to right and left ventricle
- sends signal to apex of heart
-ventricles contract from bottom up

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17
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

send signal into right and left ventricle
-ends of right and left bundle branches
-spread throughout entire ventricle

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18
Q

extrinsic: parasympathetic nervous system

A

reaches heart via vagus nerve
-creates vagal tone
- carries impulses SA and AV nodes
-releases ACH and decreaes HR

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19
Q

extrinsic: sympathetic nervous system

A

carries impulse to SA and AV nodes
-releases norepinephrine facilitates depolarization
-increases HR

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20
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase
-chambers fill with blood

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21
Q

systole

A

contraction phase
-blood leaves chambers

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22
Q

cardiac cycle

A
  1. venous return to the right atrium
  2. venous flow arrives in the right ventricle
  3. venous blood is sent in the lung via the pulmonary artery
  4. after oxygenated in the lung the blood returns to the left atrium
  5. red blood arrives in the left ventricle
  6. red blood is sent in the arteries to the issue
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23
Q

p wave

A

atrial depolarization

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24
Q

QRS

A

ventricular depolarization

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25
T wave
ventricular repolarization
26
ventricle systole (contraction)
QRS complex -ventricle depolarization and repolarization
27
lub heart sound
atrial valves close
28
ventricles contract =
depolarization
29
end systolic volume
remaining blood in ventricle after contraction
30
ventricle diastole (diastolic blood pressure)
T wave relaxation begins -
31
2nd heart sound - dub
aortic valve closes
32
end diastole volume
maximum volume of blood in ventricle
33
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped in one heartbeat
34
SV EQUATION
EDV-ESV=SV
35
ejection fraction
EDV-ESV/EDV OR SV/EDV=EF
36
brachaycardia
slow HR -larger LV nad bigger SV
37
tachycardia
fast HR
38
premature ventricular contraction
heart skips a beat
39
vascular system
arteries: carry blood away from heart arterioles: carry blood away from heart capillaries: site of nutrient and waste exchange venules: collect blood from venules back to heart veins: carry blood from venules back to heart
40
120/80
systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure
41
purpose of respiratory system
to bring O2 and remove CO2 from the body
42
respiratory system carried out by 3 processes
1. pulmonary ventilation -breathing 2. pulmonary diffusion -movement of gases 3. gas exchange -transport gases via blood
43
pulmonary ventilation
moving air into and out of lungs nose/mouth--pharynx---larynx---trachea----bronchial tree--alvoli
44
exchange zone
gas exchange between lung alveoli and capilarries
45
pulmonary diffusion
gases diffuse from high to low concentrations until PO2 and PCO2 equilibrium
46
arterial blood has higher ___and lower ___
O2 and CO2
47
venous blood has highe ___ and lower___
CO2 and O2
48
pulmonary gas exchange
replenishes blood oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
49
systemic arteries PO2 and PCO2
PO2= 100 and PO2=40
50
systemic veins PO2 and PCO2
PO2=40 and PCO2=46
51
venous PO2 is always ____ than air we breathe
lower
52
lower venous O2 =
bigger PO2 concentration gradient
53
only bottom 1/3 of the lung with blood b/c
of vascualr shunting
54
top 2/3 of the lung with blood b/c
of exercise
55
system blood pressure increases
during exercise
56
capilary diffusion =
gas exchange at the muscles
57
Hemoglobin transports O2 from
lungs to muscle
58
myoglobin transports O2 within
the muscle
59
loading =
hemoglobin/myoglobin binding O2
60
unloading=
hemoglobin/myoglobin binding O2 go
61
useful for HB to have tight grip on O2 in
the lungs
62
useful for HB to have a loose grip on O2 in
the muscle
63
high affinity
tight grip
64
low affinity
weak grip
65
myoglobin affinity?
high affinity for O2
66
factors influencing O2 delivery and uptake by the muscle
1. O2 content of blood 2. blood flow 3. local conditions (ph, temperature PCO2)
67
high O2 content of air =
greater diffusion of O2 into blood in lung
68
decrease blood flow =
decrease opportunity to deliever O2 to tissues
69
decrease in PH, increase in temperature and increase PCO2 =
promote unloading in tissue
70
hemoglobin makeup
4 subunits, each with a heme group
71
heme binds to
O2
72
as more O2 unloads from HB =
the affinity for remaining O2 is lessened
73
Hb is loaded with O2 at
the lungs and pumped to systemic circulation
74
high PO2 in the
lungs
75
low PO2 in
body tissues
76
Bohr effect
increased affinity =less unloading decreased affinity = more unloading
77
acidity increases
unloading
78
warmer blood temperature increases
unlaoding
79
transport of CO2 in the blood in 3 ways
1. a biocarbonate ions - HCO3 2. dissolved in plasma 3. bound to HB (carbaminohemoglobin)
80
H+ binds to Hb triggers
Bohr effect
81
acids
low ph and high H+
82
bases
high ph and low H+
83
role of cardiovascular system on acid-base balance
transport HB and RBC (bohr effect and production of bicarb) -gas exchange (CO2 and O2)

ex phis (13 decks)

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