quiz a&p 4/16

Question 1

define retroperitoneal

Answer 1

behind the peritoneal . behind the lining of the abdominal

Question 2

step one of urine formation

Answer 2

filtration ( in the glomerulus )
blood pressure forces water and small molecules ( like glucose , salts , amino acids , urea) out of blood in the glomerulus into bowmans capsule . water , glucose , ions and urea are filtered out , blood and large proteins stay in the blood ( too big to pass )

Question 3

step 2 of urine formation

Answer 3

reabsorption ( in the tubules ) . happens in proximal convulated tubule , loop of henle , distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct .
the body reabsorbs the useful stuff ( glucose , amino acids , most of the water and ions ) back into the blood stream
because of this the body is able to retain essential nutrients and maintain homeostasis ( water and salt balance )

Question 4

step 3 of urine formation

Answer 4

secretion ( in the tubules)
happens mostly in the distal convoluated tubule and collecting duct. the body adds extra waste ( H+ ions , K+ certain drugs and toxins into the filtrate ) . helps maintain ph balance and remove substances not filtered earlier.

Question 5

what is urine composed of

Answer 5

water , urea , creatinite , ions , other waste products .

Question 6

process of urine being expelled

Answer 6

exits the kidney , through the ureter , stored in bladder , expelled via the urethra

Question 7

how and why does filtration happen

Answer 7

high blood pressure in glomerulus pushes filtrate/plasma from blood . using fenustrated capillaries - pressure is 2x higher than other places ) . highly permeable visceral layer
flow rate to kidneys about 1-2 liters per minute . filteration rate about 120ml/min

Question 8

what is the filtration rate

Answer 8

120ml/min

Question 9

what is the flow rate to the kidney

Answer 9

1 ml -2ml of urine every minute

Question 10

which system ( male or female ) has no connection between urinary and reproductive system

Answer 10

female

Question 11

female primary sex organs

Answer 11

ovaries
secrete egg , estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

uterus

Answer 12

where the embryo will grow . about the size of a fist . has the capacity to grow

Question 13

cervix

Answer 13

opens up to the vagina

Question 14

vagina

Answer 14

birth canal
recieves penis and sperm during sex act

Question 15

testtes

Answer 15

primary gonads
located outside body in scotum

Question 16

scrotum

Answer 16

house the testes outside the body
keep them at the right temperature

Question 17

vas deferens

Answer 17

transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra , where they will be expelled during ejaculation

Question 18

seminal vesicle

Answer 18

makes 50 % of the male sperm fluid .

Question 19

prostate gland

Answer 19

makes seminal fluid

Question 20

what 3 structures join at the end of the male reproductive system

Answer 20

vas deferens , seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct

Question 21

explain the pathway of sperm through the male repro

Answer 21

1. testes ( sperm is produced here by seminiferous tubules , testosterone is also produced here
   2.epidiymis ( sits on top of each tesits , sperm matures and is stored here until ejaculation )
2. vas deferns ( carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urthera during ejactulation )
3. seminal vesciles ( adds fluid to nurish the sperm . this fluid + sperm = semen )
   5.prostate gland ( adds more fluid to the semen that helps sperm move and survive in the female body )
   urethra - ( carries semen through the penis and out of the body during ejaculation

Question 22

renal artery

Answer 22

branches off from aorta

Question 23

anatomy of kidney

Answer 23

right kidney is slightly lower because of liver