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From Flashcardlet > Rad bio ch 26 and ch 19 > Flashcards

Rad bio ch 26 and ch 19 Flashcards

1
Q

advantage of df over conventional fluro

A

speed of image acquisition and post processing to enhance image contrast

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2
Q

spatial resolution

- determined by both image ____ and by the size of the ____ _____, which is limited by ____ size

A

matrix
image intensifier
pixel size

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3
Q

fluro the tube operates ____ to table

A

under

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4
Q

df fluro is obtained by ______ mode

A

pulse progressive mode

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5
Q

image acquisition rates _____ per second to ____ persecond

A

1

10

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6
Q

flat panel image receptor vs tube

A

flat panel less patient dose

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7
Q

in digital flurpo the generator must be able to _turn on quickly, which is called?

A

interrogation time

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8
Q

generator turn off time

A

extinction time

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9
Q

extinction and interrogation times should take no longer than__

A

1 ms

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10
Q

duty cycle

- fraction of time the xray tube is ____

A

energeized

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11
Q

10 % duty cycle helps with?

A

reducing patient dose

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12
Q

benefits of CCD

A

better signal to noise ratio

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13
Q

sensitive component of CCD

A

crystalline silicon

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14
Q

electric charge in CCD is smapled by __

A

pixels

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15
Q

magnification causes a bigger ____ with smaller space

A

detail

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16
Q

window width

A

conttast

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17
Q

window level

A

brightness/density

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18
Q

larger the matrix ____ the pixel size

A

smaller

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19
Q

voxel adds ___ to the image

A

depth

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20
Q

ccd is mounted on the ___ phosphor of the image intensifying tube

A

output

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21
Q

lens coupled CCD , sample of light is measured and used by the _________________

A

abs- automated brightness system

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22
Q

ccd has less signal to noise ratio, in turn lessens

A

patient dose

23
Q

__ phosphor is smaller than the ____ phosphor

A

output vs input

24
Q

advantages of CCD

A 
high spatial resolution
high signal to noise ratio
high DQE
no warm up required
no lag or blooming
no spatial distortion
no maintainence
unlimited life
unaffected by magnetic fields
linear response
lower patient dose
 - ouput lower rate
 - rad can post process
25
Q

cold anode could ____ crack, need to be warmed up

A

crack

26
Q

lag

A
  • delay

- degrades image causing it to stay longer

27
Q

blooming

A

looks like halo making appear bigger than actual size

28
Q

read pgs 421-423

A

read

29
Q

vignetting appears ___ on image

A

white

30
Q

p 424

flat panel monitors are eaier to view and manipulate providing___

A

better image

31
Q

Determines the speed the image can be processed and transferred to ouput phosphor

A

range each pixel size
number pixels
method of storage

32
Q

k- absorption edge

A

inner elctron shell has ability to fill and system can visualize, making max contrast and resolution

33
Q

ch 19
artifact
- any irregularity on an image that is not cause by the proper shadowing of __ by the primary xray beam

A

tissue

34
Q

causes of artifacts

A 
improper patient position
patient motion
double exposure
incorrect technique
improper patient prep
35
Q

patient____ is essential for producing artifact free image

A

prep

36
Q

exposure artifacts

A 
motion
improper patient position
wrong screen film match
poor screen film contact
double exposure
warped cassette
improper grid
37
Q

processing artifacts

A 
emulsion pickoff
gelatin buildup
curatin effect
chemical fog
guide shoe marks
pi lines
wet pressure
dicroic stain
38
Q

handling and storage artifacts

A 
light fog
radiation fog
static
kinks
hyporetention stain
scatches
39
Q

exposure artifacts are easy to correct

A

true

40
Q

most processing artifacts are caused by

A

pressure caused by transport system of processor

41
Q

processing artifacts are eleimintated by 2

A

proper processor qc program

frequent cleaning

42
Q

guide shoe marks occur guide shoes in the ____ assembly of the processor are sprung or improperly positioned

A

turnaround

43
Q

pi lines occur dirt or chemical stains on the ____ sensitize emulsion

A

roller

44
Q

dirty or warped rollers can cause _______ ____ and ____ ____, result in sludge deposit on film

A

emulsion pick off

gelatin buildup

45
Q

emulsion pick off and gelatin buildup cause increase/decrease in ____

A

OD

46
Q

chemical fog looks ____ or radiation _____ which is uniform dull gray

A

light

fog

47
Q

dichroic stain

- chemical fog that is ___ colors

A

two

48
Q

wet pressure sensitization is common artifact is produced in the d____ tank

A

developer

49
Q

image artifacts can occure from improper storage because ___ or ____

A

temp

humidity

50
Q

proper ____ design helps reduce handling and storage artifacts

A

facility

51
Q

white light streaks in the darkroom or with the cassette cause streaklike artifacts of ____ OD

A

increased

52
Q

characteristic artifacts

A

caused by improper handling or storage either before or after processing

53
Q

static

A

caused by buildup of elcrons in the emulsion and is most noticeable during winter and during periods of extremely low humidity

54
Q

hypo retention

A

yellow - brown stain after long storage time is sign from the fixer

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