rad bio ch 32

Question 1

Cell theory
- for a cell to die after radiation exposure, its___molecule must be inactivated. IT changes position with time due to intracellular molecular movement.

Answer 1

target

Question 2

___ is the target molecule

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

when ___ occurs , it is said to interact with the target

Answer 3

hit

Question 4

hits occur both ___ and ____

Answer 4

indirect

direct

Question 5

if hit occurs , the size of the target appears larger because mobility of free radicals.

Answer 5

indirect hit

Question 6

with low___ with the absence of O2, the probability of a hit on the target molecule is low because of relatively large distance between ionizing events

Answer 6

LET

Question 7

when high ___ is used, distance between ionizations is so close that the probability of a hit by direct effect is high

Answer 7

LET

Question 8

cell cloning

- cells incubated for 10-14 days, they divide many times and produce visible __ that consists of many cells

Answer 8

colony

Question 9

____radiation dose lead to the formation of fewer colonies

Answer 9

larger

Question 10

lethal effects of radiation are determined by cell ___, not cell death

Answer 10

survival

Question 11

single target, single hit model

- applies to ___ targets, such as enzymes, viruses, and simple cells such as bacteria

Answer 11

biologic

Question 12

Multitarget, single hit model

- applies to more complicated biological systems such as ___ cells

Answer 12

human

Question 13

radiation interacts randomly with ___

Answer 13

matter

Question 14

a __ is not simply an ionizing event but rather an ionization that inactivates the target molecule

Answer 14

hit

Question 15

if there were no wasted hits, __ us the dose that would be sufficient to kill 100% of the cells

Answer 15

d37

Question 16

a large Do dose indicates __, and small Do is characteristic of ____ cells

Answer 16

radioresistant

radiosensitive

Question 17

extrapolation number

- aka ___ number

Answer 17

target

Question 18

mean lethal dose

_ aka__

Answer 18

Do

Question 19

DQ

• aka_____ dose
• a large Dq indicates that the cell can recover readily from ___ radiation dmage

Answer 19

threshold\

sublethal

Question 20

Dq is a measure of the capacity to ___sublethal damage and the ability to ____ from sublethal damage

Answer 20

accumulate

recover

Question 21

cycle time or generation time

- when human cells replicate by mitosis , the average ___ one mitosis to another takes

Answer 21

time

Question 22

___ is the most time variable of cell phases

Answer 22

G1

Question 23

synchronized

- randomly growing population of cells that are uniformly distributed in position throughout the cell ___

Answer 23

cycle

Question 24

human cells are most radiosensitive in _ and most radioresistant in ___

Answer 24

m

late s

Question 25

rbe formula

Answer 25

Do to produce same effect

Question 26

irradiation of mammamlian cells with high LET follow _______________ model

Answer 26

single model,single hit