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From Flashcardlet > rad bio ch 33 > Flashcards

rad bio ch 33 Flashcards

1
Q

diagnostic xrays beam always result in ___ exposiure

A

partial body

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2
Q

acute radiation syndrome

- high level of radiation exposure tht leads to___in days or weeks

A

death

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3
Q

three rad dose syntdromes

A

GI, CNS, hematologic

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4
Q

prodromal period

- consist of ___ clinical symptoms that occur within hours and continue a day or two

A

acute

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5
Q

latent period

- subject acts __ of visible effects

A

free

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6
Q

Prodromal period dose

A

1Gy ( 100 rad)

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7
Q

Immediate response to radiation sickenss is the ____ period

A

prodromal

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8
Q

latent period time after exposure during which there is no ___of radiation sickness

A

sign

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9
Q

hematological dose
Range?
- characterized by the reduction in blood cells, blood cells, and ___

A

2 to 10 Gyt ( 200-1000 RAD)

- white,red, platelets

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10
Q

manifest illness

- period of vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, lethargy

A

manifest

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11
Q

GI syndrome dose

- sever damage to ____

A

10-50 GYt (1000-5000 RAD)

- lining of the intestines

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12
Q

Most sensitive cells that radiation kills?

A

stem cells

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13
Q

CNS Syndrome Dose

- death occurs from ____

A

over 50 GYt ( 5000 RAD)

- excess fluid on the brain

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14
Q

ld 50/60

- dose of radiation to the whole body that causes ___% of irradiated subjects to die withing __ days

A

50%

60 days

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15
Q

acute radiation lethality follows a_____, threshold dose response relationship

A

nonlinear

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16
Q

mean survival time

- as the whole body radiation dose increases, the average time between exposure and death ___

A

increases

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17
Q

when only ipart of the body is irradiated , in contrast to whole body irradiation, a ___ dose is required to produce a response

A

higher

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18
Q

atrophy

- ___ of an organ or tissue caused by cell death

A

shrinkage

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19
Q

as threshold dose has been exceeded , the severity of the response____ with increasing dose in a nonlinear fashion

A

increases

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20
Q

tissue in which most radiation experience occurs with is ____

A

skin

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21
Q

skin cells replace at ___% per day

A

2

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22
Q

layers of skin ( outer to inner)

A 
epidermis
basal cells
dermis
subcutaneous layer
muscle
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23
Q

damage to ____l cells results in the earliest manifestation of radiation injuy to skin

A

basal

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24
Q

object of xray therapy is ___

A

depeosit energy into tumor

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25
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin

26
Q

desquamation

A

ulceration of skin

27
Q

mild erythmia dose

A

3-10 GYt ( 300-1000 rad)

28
Q

skin effects follow a ____, threshold dose response

A

nonlinear

29
Q

skin erthymia dose affect 50% of those irradiated is ___ GYt (___ rad)

A

5

500

30
Q

epilation

-

A

hair loss

31
Q

human gonads response at dose as low as ____

A

100mGTt

32
Q

ovaries and testes produce ___ and ___, which mature into ovum and sperm respectively

A

oogonia

spermatoogonia

33
Q

male stem cell is ___

A

spermatoogonia

34
Q

most radiosensitive cell during female germ cell development is the ____ in the mature follicle

A

oocyte

35
Q

irradiation of the ___ early in life cause atrophy through germ cell death, making them especially radiosensitive

A

ovaries

36
Q

similar to the ovaries, ____atrophy after high doses of radiation

A

testes

37
Q

_____l stem cells signifiy the most sensitive phase in the gametogenesis of spermatozoa

A

spermatogonia

38
Q

under no circumstance is periodic ___ examination recommended as a feature of any current radiation protection program

A

blood

39
Q

hemopoiectic system consists of

A

bone marrow, circulating blood, lymphoid tissues

40
Q

hemoipoietic system effect with radiation is depressed number of __ cells

A

blood

41
Q

hemopoitic cells all form from _____ stem cells, which produce a number of other cell types

A

pluripotential

42
Q

lymphocytes

A

immune response

43
Q

granulocytes

A

scavenger cells used to fight bacteria

44
Q

thrombocytes

A

aka platelets

clot blood to prevent hemorrhage

45
Q

eryhtrocytes

A

red bllod cells that help transfer agents of oxygen

46
Q

first cells affected by radiation are ___

A

lymphocytes

47
Q

__ and ___ are the most radiosensitive cells in the body

A

lymphocytes and spermatogonia

48
Q

cytogentics

A

study if genetic cells , especially chromosomes

49
Q

radiation induced abberations follow _____dose response

A

nonthreshold

50
Q

karotpye

A

chromosome map

51
Q

each cell consists of ___pairs of autosomes and pair of sex chromosomes- the __ from the female and __ from the male

A

22
x
y

52
Q

DNA hit results in an invisible disruption of the moleculr structure of ___

A

DNA

53
Q

chromosome hit represents severe damage to the ___

A

DNA

54
Q

chromatid deletion

- single hit effects produced by radiation during the __ phased of the cell cycle

A

G1

55
Q

isochromotids

- chromosome with missing ends of the ___ chromatids and two centric fragments called

A

sister

56
Q

a single chromosome can sustain more than one hit

A

T

57
Q

G2 cell cycle requires

  1. either the same chromosome be hit by ___ or more times
  2. adjacent chromosome be ___ and joined together
A

two

hit

58
Q

at very low doses of radiation, only single hit ___occur. Multi hit dose increases over ___ GYt

A

aberrations

1

59
Q

single hit abberations follow a _____non threshold response.

Multi hit aberrations follow a ___ non threshold respone

A

linear

nonlinear

60
Q

___ hit aberrations are considered to be most significant in terms of latent human damage

A

multi

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