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From Flashcardlet > rad bio test 1 review > Flashcards

rad bio test 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

lymphocytes are what kind of cells?

A

mature

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2
Q

____ cells are the most radiosensitive

A

stem

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3
Q

what is the most sensitive in fetus?

A

what ever is developing

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4
Q

the ____ is less sensitive than the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

if there is no mylenated sheath, a cell cant ____

A

regenerate

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6
Q

cell proliferation

- act of single cell or grpup to ____ and multiply in number

A

reproduce

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7
Q

somatic cells vs gentic cells

A

mitosis

meosis ( genetic cells)

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8
Q

___ phase is most sensitive

A

S

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9
Q

which phase of mitosis can we study Rad response?

A

metaphase

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10
Q

G1,G2 phase is

- aka

A

gap- resting to get back energy

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11
Q

more o2 in tissue will produce ________

A

more damage

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12
Q

hieracrchy of cells

A

cells,tissues,organs,organ systems

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13
Q

bonding sequence

A

adenine-tymine

cytosine-guanine

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14
Q

direct and indirect hit

  • most damage?
  • Most damage from one time?
A

indirect hit because more frequent

direct hit more damage overall

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15
Q

the lethal effects of radiation are determined by observing cell ____ not cell ____

A

survival

death

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16
Q

ld 50/60

-p 507

A

%survival
_________
length survival
- 50% live for 60 days

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17
Q

hit is not simply an ionizing event but rather an ionization that inactivates the _____molecule that

A

target

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18
Q

sublethal vs lethal

A

sublethal repairs itself

- lethal -death

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19
Q

most energy at which two phases?

A

s,m

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20
Q

during between which to phases are least sensitive?

A

late s and m phase

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21
Q

Deterministic

aka

A

non stochastic

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22
Q

acute radiation syndromes p 505 read

A 
prodromal
latent
hematologic
GI
CNS
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23
Q

prodromal

  • dose
  • signs
A
  • less 1

- nausea , vomiting, diarhea

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24
Q

latent period

  • dose
  • signs
A
  • 1-100GY

- none

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25
Q

Hematologic

  • dose
  • signs
  • mean survival
A
  • 2-10 GY
  • nausea,vomiting,doarhea
  • 10-60 days
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26
Q

GI

  • dose
  • signs
  • mean survival
A
  • 10-50 GY
  • 4-10 days
  • same as hematologic
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27
Q

CNS

  • dose
  • signs
  • mean survival
A
  • greater 50
  • 0-3 days
  • ataxia, edema, menigitis
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28
Q

ACUTE RAD Syndrome is _____

A

deterministic

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29
Q

With acute rad syndrome, which are you likely to survive with?

A

hematologic

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30
Q

ch 33 study skin issues

A

read

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31
Q

____ on skin keeps us from drowning and radiation causes a decrease this

A

keratin

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32
Q

Which two Acute rad syndrome are dose dependent?

A

hematopoietic, CNS

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33
Q

Acute Rad syndrome is not dose dependent?

A

GI

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34
Q

what acute rad syndrome has lowest survival rate?

A

CNS

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35
Q

acute radiation lethality follows a _____dose relationship response

A

nonlinear,threshold

36
Q

Sigmoid curve is ____ shape

A

S

37
Q

damage to ___ cells of skin results in the earliest manifestation of rad injury to the skkin

A

basal

38
Q

LET read cards

A

LET

39
Q

response of ovaries and testes to radiation

  • 100mGy
  • 2000mGy
  • 5000mGy
A
  • minimal detectable response
  • temp sterility
  • sterility
40
Q

what protects cells (3)

A

cytoplasm, membranes, Fluids

41
Q

which RNA ___ goes to cytoplasm

A

tRNA

42
Q

Which is most likely to get damaged RNA___

A

tRNA

43
Q

relative risk p 523

  • formula
  • large population of ____ events without having any precise knowledge of the radiation dose to which they were exposed
A

observed cases
___________
expected cases

  • stochastic and likely
44
Q

excess risk

  • difference between the observed cases and the expected number would be exceed whats ___
  • formula
A
  • expected

- observed cases- expected cases

45
Q

absolute risk

- at least___ dose levels are known

A

two

46
Q

radiation skin cancer is threshold or nonthreshold

A

threshold

47
Q

mutation you can live with____

A

sublethal abnormality

48
Q

collimators must be ___% know ch 35

A

2%

49
Q

90 degrees from beam is _____less

A

1000x

50
Q

HVL vs TVL p 542

A
  • HVL amount rad absorb by 1/2

- TVL amount absorbed by 1/10

51
Q

___mm PB of lead in apron required

A

0.5

52
Q

_____dose is the equivalent whole body dose

A

effective

53
Q

PBL

A

read

54
Q

effective dose unit

- kepps what in mind?

A

REM

- quality factor 1

55
Q

most sensitive cell in blood?

A

lymphocyte

56
Q

most sensitive tissue?

A

nads

57
Q

Most occupational dose during?

A

fluro

58
Q

leakage radiation must be less than ______ at distance of ____from the protective housing

A
  • 100 mR/hr

- 1m

59
Q

xray beam on must be positively and clearly indicated to the radiologic technologist

A

T

60
Q

sid indicator must be accurate to within ____ of the indicated sid

A

2%

61
Q

xray beam and light beam must coincide to with ___of sid

A

2%

62
Q

PBL must be accurate to within ____of the sid

A

2%

63
Q

leakage radiation is _____radiation

A

secondary

64
Q

total filtration = p 550

A

inherent (0.5mm) + Added (2.0 mm)

65
Q

Total filtration

  • less 50 kvp
  • 50-70 kvp
  • more than 70 kvp
A
  • 0.5 mm al
  • 1.5mm of al
  • 2.5 mm of al
66
Q

reproductibility p 550

A

ma,time,kvp not changed

- + or - 5

67
Q

linearity

A
  • 10%

- ma,sec,kvp change

68
Q

operator shiled only stops type radiation ____ p 550

A

secondary

69
Q

primary rad totals

  • PB
  • concrete
  • height
A
  • 1/16 pb
  • 4” concrete
  • 7 1/3ft high
70
Q

secondary rad totals

  • PB
  • concrete
A
  • 1/32 PB

- 2” concrete

71
Q

operator on mobile xray must be at least ____from the xray tube during exposure

A

2m or 6ft

72
Q

SSD must be not less than _____ on stationary fluro and not less than ____ on mobile fluro

A
  • 38 cm

- 30 cm

73
Q

primary protective barrier in fluro is ____

A

2mm PB equivalent

74
Q

total xray filtration must be ____

A

2.5mm of PB

75
Q

Filtration hardens the beam and takes out soft rays which does what to patients skin dose?

A

reduces it

76
Q

bucky slot cover opening must be covered with _____

A

0.25 mm pb

77
Q

in fluro, a protective curtain must be___

A

0.25 mm PB

78
Q

Cumulative timer in Fluro must have audible signal at ___

A

5 minutes

79
Q

___ radiation is useful beam

A

primary

80
Q

what degree must you be from primary beam to reduce radiation?

A

90 degreees

81
Q

intensity of scatter radiation ____ from the patient is approx. __ % of the intensity

A
  • 1m

- 0.1%

82
Q

rad tech receives beiggest dose from which two?

A

fluro

OR

83
Q

p 555 box

A

read

84
Q

design limits for a controlled area are based on annual recommended occupational dose of _____

A

-50 mSV/yr

85
Q

use factor of secondary barrier is ____ p 557

A

1

86
Q

look at ch 37 penguins in note cards

A

cards

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