Regions of the Brain (Final)

Question 0

Hindbrain

Answer 0

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 1

Superior colliculi

Answer 1

Visual reflex center

Coordinates head and eye movement when following a moving object

Question 2

Inferior colliculi

Answer 2

Auditory reflex center

Involved in startle reflex (turning head toward unexpected sound)

Question 3

Midbrain

Answer 3

Made of 4 hillocks on the corpora quadrigemina

2 superior colliculi
2 inferior colliculi

Question 4

Pons

Answer 4

Routes electrical signals back and forth between the brain and the spinal cord (afferent and efferent)

Question 5

Limbic system

Answer 5

Functional system spread throughout the forebrain
Interacts with other brain areas to influence our emotion and behavior patterns

Functional areas:
Amygdala
Cingulate gyrus

Question 6

Cerebellum

Answer 6

Second largest brain area

Aids in the coordination of:
Balance
Planning of voluntary movement (ensures smooth coordinated movements)
Direction and force of motor functions (prevents overshoot and maintains posture)
Timing and fine tuning of precise movement (ex writing)

Involved in proprioception (receives signals from receptors in muscles, joints, and tendons)

Question 7

Medulla oblongata

Answer 7

Most inferior brain region

House autonomic NS reflex center which integrates several functions
Respiratory regulation
Cardiovascular function
Swallowing reflex
Coughing
Sneezing

Question 8

Amygdala

Answer 8

Recognize angry or fearful expressions of others
Asses danger
Elicits fear response
Mostly visceral and arrector pili muscles

Question 9

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 9

Helps with the expression of emotions through body gestures, especially when frustrated or angry

Question 10

CNS

Answer 10

Brain and spinal cord

Question 11

Cerebrum

Answer 11

Largest portion of the brain
2 hemispheres and 2 layers

Gray matter
White matter
Basal nuclei

Question 12

Sleep

Answer 12

Regulates circadian rhythm in response to daylight

Via the pineal gland and the hormone melatonin

Question 13

Temperature

Answer 13

Sweating when hot, shivering when cold

Question 14

Controls emotional behavior and response

Answer 14

Fear, pleasure, pain, rage, sex drive

Question 15

Dopamine

Answer 15

An inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 16

Basal nuclei

Answer 16

Gray matter embedded in white matter
Suppresses useless movement patterns

Defect in these cells in associated with Parkinson’s disease

Question 17

Food intake

Answer 17

Registers food intake and satiety

Question 18

Gray matter (cerebral cortex)

Answer 18

Outer layer
Gray in color due to presence of cell bodies (nuclei)

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

Question 19

Pituitary gland control

Answer 19

Synthesizes the hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary

Regulates the release of hormones synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary

Question 20

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 20

Cells of the basal nuclei called substantia nigra secrete dopamine
Defective cells have a much decreased ability to secrete dopamine

Without dopamines inhibitory effects, other cells of the basal nuclei become overly active and course continuous output of excitatory signals to the motor cortex

Common treatment: L-dopa, body converts into dopamine

Question 21

White matter

Answer 21

Inner layer (deep cortex)
White in color due to the presence of un myelinated atoms

Responsible for the communication between the cerebral areas
Ex corpus collosum (connects corresponding brain areas of two hemispheres)

Question 22

Occipital lobe

Answer 22

Located posteriorly

Visual reception

Question 23

Forebrain

Answer 23

Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 24

Parietal lobe (sensory cortex)

Answer 24

Receives and processes sensory information

Touch, pressure, temperature

Question 25

Thalamus

Answer 25

Receives all incoming sensory signals and routes them to the correct brain areas

Houses “pain center”, receptive area for information from Nociceptors

Question 26

Water intake

Answer 26

Location of osmo receptors

Sense saltiness of body fluids when receptors are stimulated

Question 27

Temporal lobe

Answer 27

Located laterally
Receives auditory information
Olfactory reception
Gustatory reception (taste)

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

Integration center for homeostatic functions (works closely with medulla oblongata)

Made of a distinct collection of nuclei that control
Temperature
Food intake
Water intake
Sleep
Pituitary gland control
Emotional behavior and response

Question 29

Frontal lobe (motor cortex)

Answer 29

Most anterior
Controls voluntary motor activity
Allows for speaking ability