Nervous System Fundamentals (Exam 3)

Question 0

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 0

Brain and spinal cord

Command center that receives information form sensory receptors

Question 1

Functions of the ns

Answer 1

Monitor sensory input (input is a collection of stimuli)
Integrate input (process the stimuli and decide on an appropriate response)
Initiate more output (activate the effector organs)

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

All neural tissue outside of the CNS
Consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Sensory and motor

Question 3

Sensory/afferent system

Answer 3

Carries signals from sensory receptors to CNS (input)

Question 4

Motor/efferent

Answer 4

Carries signals from the CNS to effector organs
Results in the contraction of muscle or glandular secretion

Somatic NS and autonomic NS

Question 5

Somatic NS

Answer 5

System of motor neurons that conduct AP from CNS to skeletal muscle

Question 6

Autonomic NS

Answer 6

Visceral nerve fibers that conduct AP from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 7

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 7

Rest and digest
Vegetative functions
Decrease HR, decrease BP, increase digestive function
Conserves energy

Question 8

Sympathetic NS

Answer 8

Fight or flight
Energetic functions
Increase HR, increase BP, decrease digestive function

Question 9

Almost all viscera is innervated by ________ the parasympathetic and the sympathetic systems

Answer 9

Both

Question 10

Neuroglia/glial cells

Answer 10

Support cells of the NS

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

Question 11

Astrocytes

Answer 11

Most abundant
Anchor neurons to blood vessels (facilitating gas and nutrient exchange)
Soak up excess K+ the by helping to maintain RMP
Recycle released neurotransmitters

Question 12

Microglia

Answer 12

Differentiate into macrophages

Question 13

Epndymal cells

Answer 13

Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord that contain cerebral fluid (CSF)
Most have cilia that help CSF circulation

Question 14

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

Produce myelin around the axons of neurons in the CNS

Question 15

Schwann cells

Answer 15

Produce myelin around the axons of neurons in the CNS

Question 16

Neurons/nerve cells

Answer 16

Highly specialized to conduct APs throughout the body
Lose the ability to divide and reproduce at maturity (have extreme longevity)
Very high metabolic rate therefore they need a constant supply of oxygen and glucose to prevent irreversible damage

Question 17

Soma

Answer 17

Cell body of a neuron
Contains the nucleus and all other organelles
CNS= nuclei
PNS= ganglia

Question 18

Dendrites

Answer 18

Input zone

Receive signals

Question 19

Axon hillock

Answer 19

Trigger zone
Sums incoming signals (inhibitory and excitatory)
Generates AP if threshold is reached

Question 20

Axon

Answer 20

Conducting zone

Conducts/propagates the APs

Question 21

Propogate

Answer 21

To reproduce and spread

Question 22

Axonal/terminal branches

Answer 22

Carry the AP to several extensions

The AP remains the same strength in all the branches

Question 23

Axon terminals

Answer 23

Secretory zone

Release of neurotransmitters/neurohormones to communicate with another neuron, muscle, or gland

Question 24

Myelin

Answer 24

Fatty protien that coats the axon
Functions to speed the conduction of the APs
Gaps between the myelin are called nodes of panvier
The AP jumps from node to node via saltatory conduction