relationsip recap Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
what is a virtual relationship
A
people are present but communicate only online
- become more and more popular
- important difference in way its conducted vs F2F
2
Q
what are the 2 self disclosure theories of virtual relationships
A
‘reduced cue theory’
‘hyperpersonal model’
3
Q
what is the reduced cue theory of SD in VR
A
- less dicsclosure then F2F
- as lacks cues we’re given in F2F interactions
- therefore leads to de-indivuation
4
Q
what is de-individualisation
A
reduced sense of identity
5
Q
what does de-individualisation lead too
A
dishibibation in relating to others so behave in a way you wouldnt in a F2F interaction
6
Q
what is the hyperpersonal model for SD in VR
A
- may lead to more SD in VR
- as suggested it is more personal and CMC progress is very quick progression as SD happens earlier on so more intense and intimate
7
Q
why do VR end quickly
A
as excitement levels peak very quickly
8
Q
what are the 2 parts to the hyperpersonal model
A
- slective self presentation
- anonymity
9
Q
what is selective self presentation
A
manipulate online image and which cues to send
- produces intimcacy by behaving in an ideal way
10
Q
what is anoymity
A
don’t know their true identity so they reveal more than real-life
11
Q
what is a gate
A
an obstacle or barrier that can prevent a relationship forming
12
Q
is gating pressrnt in F2F rel
A
yes it is and many features can infere with the early development of the relationship
13
Q
what is an advantage of CMC
A
that there is an absence of gating
14
Q
what does an absence of gating create
A
can focus on other factors and less distracted by the superfical charactesitics that are improtant in F2F rel
15
Q
what does CMC allow ppl to do
A
maintain a online identiy that they could never maintian in real like
16
Q
what is sexual selction
A
where some features are more attractive than others to the opposite sex
- these features are more likely to attract a mate which leads to reproduction where these genes are passed onto the next genration
17
Q
what do genes being passed on leasd too
A
traits becoming exaggerated through generations of offspring’s and these traits then providing an advantage over others when attracting a mate
18
Q
what is anisogamy
A
the difference in male and female sex cells and these differecne are very obvious
19
Q
what are the features if a male sex cell
A
- little energy to produce
- continouslt created
20
Q
what are the features if a female sex cell
A
- produced in samll numbers
- huge investment of energy
21
Q
what is a consequecne of anisogamy
A
there are plenty of fertile males but a fertile female is rare
- 2 differenct mating strategies
- 2 different sexual genes
22
Q
what is intra sexual selection
A
memebers compete for acceds to the other and the victorius male characteristcs are passed on
- traits that lead to success are passed on
- wide spread in gene pool
23
Q
what is inter sexual selection
A
- preferws strategy of females
- extra choosy as they make a greater investment of time, nergy and commitment for birth
- have desriable qaulities they want in mates so specfifc mating qualities if you withold these charactetics
24
Q
what dooes the female mating streategy do
A
produce more males with those desired and attratice qaulities
- unattractive qualities will die out
25
what is sexual dymorphism
difference beetween males and females
- systmetic differences in form between individuals of different sex in the same species
26
what is a parasocial relationship
one person is attracted to another person but the target individual is unaware of there existence of the person who created the relationship
27
what can PR lead too
extreme behaviour
- most dont go above attraction towards clerbites for entertainment but if they become more absorbed it may become more addcitive for some
28
what are the 3 levels of a PR
entertainment-social
intense-personal
boredline-pathological
29
what is the entertainement-socail level
most people engage in parasocial relationships at some poitn in there life
- attracted to their chosen celebrity due to entertainemnt and like to discuss them
30
what is intense-personal PR
intense and compulsive feelinsg about the celebroty
- obsessive tendecies
- intrest in persoanl life
31
what is boredline pathological level for PR
uncotrollable behaviours and fantasies occur about celebrity
- illegal
- larget money
32
what is the absorption addcition model of PR
suggests ppl form PR based on defincies in their life
33
what is absorption
they come preoccupied with the celebirty and focuses their attention on them as far as possible
- identify with them
- want to feel closer and clsoer involvment to a celbrity
- extreme behaviour
34
what is the attachment theory is PR
used to explain attachment they have
- didnt have a strong bond with primary CG they subsitiue it for someone else
35
what does insecure resistant lead to in PR
-needs are unfileed
- break ups
- diasspaointed
cant deal with criticsm
36
what is seld disclosure
a gradual process of revealing ones inner-self to someone
37
what does self disclosure involve
a reciprocsl exchnage of information by partners and is a basic feature to romatic relationships
- means there is a firm attraction
38
what can too much SD early on in the relationship lead too
it could be off putting and the other could feel threatened and want to run away from the relationship
39
what does 1 revealing personal info indicate
it displays trust towards the other person and to go further the other person shoudl reveal sensitive info aswell
40
what does revealing more infomation do
gives a greater understanding once both reveal more and more and also a deeper connection
41
what are the 3 reasons that SD occurs
- tend to be liked more if you SD then if not
- SD to those ppl you actually like
- feel a closeness to the person they SD to
42
what is the social pentration theory
for attraction to occur individuals will match their level of SD to that person
'Norm of Sd reciprocity'
43
what is the halo effect
a persons impression is based of surface chracrterisitcs
- judge someones attractivness off it
44
what surface chractetics makes you more attractive
- believed to be more attractive if posses as socieable, trustworthy, friendly and mature
45
what is the matching hypothesis
attracted to potential partners that are simaliar to them in physical attractivness
- reuduces likelidhood of rejection
46
why does the matching hypothesis reduce the likelihood of rehection
as by seemingly unattainable individuals and potentntial dissapointment of a disproportionately less attractive mates
47
what is the average face
features of the face that lie on a mathemtatical mean and if the features of th face are equally spread out so they're close to the middle line then they're more attractive
- 'symmetry'
48
what does body symmtety show
more attractive asit is a strong indicator of biological fitness
49
what is the filter theory
make choices of how attracted they're to someone through the levels of selection filters
50
what is each filter essential for
a relationship to begin or continue
51
what are the 3 stages of the filter theory
- social demography
- similar attitudes
- complementary
52
what is the social demography stage
only meet a very small proprtion f ppl who are in our close proximity
- tend to filter the ppl into small group
eg) social classs
53
what are the social demogrpahy ppl called
field of avaliables
54
what is the similar attitudes stage
possibility of reltionship becoming more permant so look at partners with similar psychological factors
eg) beliefs
55
what are the ppl in the similar in attidues stage called
field of desriables
56
what is the complementary
in long term relationships
- need them to complement and meet out emotional needs
57
what is social exchange theory
and economic theory
- based on minimax principle
- want to minimsie costs/ loses and maximise rewards/ gains
- our satisfaction in a relationship is based on profit
58
are costs and rewards objective or subjective
subjective
- will vary for each individual
59
what are the 2 ways to measure profit in a relationship
comparision level
comparision level of alternatives
60
what is the comparison level
what a person thinks they deserve to receive
- depnds on previous relationships and culutral norms
61
what is comparison level linked with
self esteem
- if high then worth more
- if low then satisifed with low levels of rewards
62
what does high comparison levels mean
we think the relationship is worth pursuing
63
what is comparision level of alternatives
the perception if another partner would be more rewarding
64
what happens if low levels of comparison level of alternatives
if rewarding and no better alternative then it is worth pursuing so wont look elsewhere
65
what are the 4 stages that happen in a relationship
sampling
barganning
commitment
institutionalisation
66
what is the sampling stage
explore the rewards and costs of social exchange in relationships and experiment with them in our own relationship
67
what is the bargaining stage
marks the beginning of a relationship when partners start exchnaging costs and rewards
- begotating and idenfiitng with whats profitbale
68
what is the commitment stage
sources of costs/ rewards become more predictable and the reltionships become more stable , rewards increase and costs decease
69
what is instituilsation stage
partners now settled down due to nroms in the relationship
- r and c firmly established
70
what is equity theory
it it divisded as another economic theory and devloped as a criticism of SET
- maximisng rewards os important but want it to be equitable
71
what is equity in a relationship
fairness
- rewards and costs shoudl approximately be the same for each person in the relationship
72
what is equality in the relationship
costs and rewards have to be the same
73
what occurs when there is lack of equity
1 partner underbenfits and the other over benefits
74
how do u feel is u underbenefit
anger
hosiltiy
resentment
75
how do u feel if you over benefit
guilt
discomfot
shame
76
what is satisfaction in equity theory
percieved fairness
77
what does chnage in percived eqaulity mean
may be changes in percived equality and ats time goes on tend to feel less satisfied
78
what are 2 ways of dealing with ineqaukit
behavioural consequences
cognitive consequences
79
what are the behavioural consequences
underbenfitted partner tries to make the relatiomnship more eqaul
- as long as they think the relationship can be saved
80
what are cognitive consequences
change in perception of their rewards and costs so it feels more equitable
-cost are accepted as the norm
81
what is a consequcne of inequality
dissatisifaction
- predicts strong positve correlation between 2 of great ineqaulity and great dissatisfaction
- more unfair the harder it feels for it to reinforce equity
82
what is Rusbult's model
theory that you stay together even if cost out way the rewars due to the main psychological facotr which causes people to stay in relationships which is commitment
83
what are the 3 factors of commitmnet
- satisfaction level
- comparision with altneratives
- commimtnent
84
what is the satisfaction level
based on costs and rewards
85
what is the comparison with alternatives
questioning if better off in a different relationship
86
what is commimtnent
high levels of satisfaction
- less levels of compariosn level of altentaives
- investment and commitment are highly important so can understand why stay if not happy
87
what are the 2 types of investment
intrinsic
extrinsic
88
what is intrinsic investment
any resources you put directly into relationship which are tangiable (money) and intangiable (emotions)
89
what is extrinsic investment
closely associated with relationships
tangable (mutal friends) and intangable (shared memories) things
90
what is maintenace mechanism
partners everyday behaviours that show commitment and maintain the relationship like accomdation, willinging to sacrifics, forgivne, ridicule altenratives
91
what is the duck's phase model
that a relationship breakdown isnt just a one off event it happens over a period of time where 1 or both partners reach a threshold before moving onto the next phase
- no time frame
92
what are the 4 phase of a relationship breakdown
- intra-psychic
- dyadic phase
- social phase
- grave-dressing phase
93
what is the intra phase
focus on cognitive process
- disatisified partner brooding on their reasons for disatisfaction
- private or share with friends whilst consider pros and cons and CLOA
94
what is the dyadic phase
focus on interpersonal process
- betwen the 2 artners with lots of discussion and confrontation about the relationship with different emotions
95
what are the 2 possible outcomes of the dyadic phase
repair it
attempt fails so onto next stage
96
what is the social phase
focus is on the wider processes and social network
- as the break up becomes public and partners seek support from mutal friends and encourage then to takesides as gossip is spread with new information
- 'point of no return'
- ending is driven by social #forces
97
what is the grave-dressing phase
the focus is the aftermath
-try to 'spin' a favourable story to tell others to remain a positve rep and create a private story they can live with which can be different to the public sotry
