Remember Flashcards
CYP450 inducers
Chronic alcoholics St. John's Wart (STeal) Phenobarbitol and Phenytoin (PHEN-PHEN) Nevirapine (NEVeR) Rifampin (Refuse) Grisofulvin (GReasy) Carbamazepine (CARBs)
CYP450 inhibitors
Acute Alcohol Abuse Ritonavir Amiodarone Cimetidine Ketoconazole Sulfonamides INH Grapefruit Juice Quinidine Macrolides - erythromycin
(AAA RACKS IN GQ Magazine)
Sulfa drugs
Sulfonamide antibiotics Sulfonylureas Probenecid Furosemide Acetazolamide Celecoxib Thiazides Sulfasalazine
MTX, Nitrofurantoin, Carmistine, Bleomycin, Busulfan, Amiodarone
Pulmonary Fibrosis
AD
Marfans
Huntington
Acute intermittent porphyrias
Familial hypercholesterolemia
AR
Tay Sachs (hexosaminidase A) Cystic Fibrosis Sickle Cell PKU Wilson Dz (ATP 7B) Classic Galactosemia
X-linked Recessive
G6PD DMD Lesch-Nyhan Hemophilia A/B Red-Green Menke Ornithene Transcarbamolase Def SCID
Mitochondrial
MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers)
MELAS (Mitochondiral Encephalopathy, LActic ACidosis, Stroke-like episodes)
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
X-linked Dominant
Fragile X
Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Anthrax exotoxin - bug and MOA (2)
Bacillus anthracis
- Edema factor (converts ATP to cAMP) - causes edema and phagocyte dysfunction
- Lethal factor - Zn-depenent protase - cuases apoptosis and mutisystem physiologic disruption
Bordetella pertussis - two toxins and MOA of each
- PErtussis toxin - disnhibits AC through Gi ADP-ribosylation, inc cAMP - causes edema adn phagocytic dysfunction
- AC-toxin - fxns as AC, increasing cAMP levels - causes edema and phagocytic dysfunction
Clostridium botulinum - toxin and MOA
Botulinum toxin, blocks presynaptic release of ACh at NMJ, resulting in flaccid paralysis.
Clostridium difficile - two toxins and MOA
- Toxin A - recrutis, activates neutrophils leading to cytokine release resulting in mucosal inflammation, fluid loss, diarrhea
- Toxin B - Induces actin depolymerization, leading to mucosal cell death, bowel wall necrosis and psudomembrane formation
Shigella dysenteruae - toxin and MOA
Shiga toxin - halts protein syntehsis by disabling 60s ribosomal subunit, leading to intestinal epithelial cell death and diarrhea
Streptococcus pyogenes - two toxins and MOA
- Pyrogenic exotoxin - acts as superantigen, inducing shock and fever, assocaited with scarlet fever and streptococcal TSS
- Streptolysin O and S - damages erythrocyte membranes, causing beta-hemolysis
Common antibiotic resistance mechanisms to penicillins
Beta lactamase, Extended spectrum Beta Lactamase
Mutated Penicillin Binding Protein
Mutated porin protien
Common antibiotic resistance mechanisms to vancomycin
mutated peptidoglycan cell wall (VRE- vanc resistant enterococcus)
imparied influx/increased efflux
Common antibiotic resistance mechanisms to quinolones
mutated DNA gyrase
impaired influx/increased efflux
Common antibiotic resistance mechanisms to aminoglycosides
aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes
mutated ribosomal subunit protein
mutated porin protein
*Pseudomonas
Common antibiotic resistance mechanisms to tetracyclines
impaired influx/increased efflux
inactive enzyme
Common antibiotic resistance mechanisms to rifamycins
mutated RNA polymerase
Class three antiarrhythmics (K-blockers)
sotalol, dofetilide, amiodarone
Class four antiarrhythmis (L-type Ca-CB)
verapamil, diltizem
drug that interacts with A1 receptor on cardiac cells, activating K-channels and increasing potassium conductance, causing membrane potential to remain negative for a longer period - resulting in slowing of sinus rate and increased AV nodal conduction delay
adenosine
