Reproductive Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
Mutation of Sonic Hedgehog gene causes
A
Holoprosencephaly
2
Q
Wnt-7 gene necessary for
A
Proper organization along dorsal-ventral axis
3
Q
ACE i teratogen
A
Renal damage
4
Q
Alkylating agents teratogen
A
Absence of digits
5
Q
AG teratogen
A
CN 8 toxicity
6
Q
Carbamazepine teratogen (4)
A
- Neural tube defects
- Craniofacial defects
- Fingernail hypoplasia
- Developmental delay
7
Q
Lithium teratogen
A
Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
8
Q
Phenytoin teratogen (5)
A
Fetal hydantoin syndrome:
- microcephaly
- Dysmorphic craniofacial features
- Hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges
- Cardiac defect
- Intellectual disability
9
Q
Tetracyclines teratogen
A
Discolored teeth
10
Q
Thalidomide teratogen
A
Limb defects
11
Q
Valproate teratogen
A
Neural tube defects
12
Q
Warfarn teratogen (4)
A
- Bone deformities
- Fetal hemorrhage
- Abortion
- Ophthalmologic abnormalities
13
Q
Cocaine teratogen (3)
A
- Abnormal fetal growth
- Fetal addiction
- Placenta abruption
14
Q
First part of aortic arch develops into
A
Maxillary artery
15
Q
Second part of aortic arch develops into
A
Stapedial artery
16
Q
Third part of aortic arch develops into (2)
A
- Common cartoid
- Internal carotid
17
Q
Left forth aortic arch develops into
A
Aortic arch
18
Q
Right forth aortic arch develops into
A
Proximal part of right subclavian
19
Q
What cartilage is derived from 1st brachial arch (5)
A
- Meckel
- Mandible
- Malleus
- Incus
- Spheno-mandibular ligament
20
Q
What muscles derived from 1st brachial arch (5)
A
- Muscles of mastication
- Mylohyoid
- anterior belly of digastic
- Tensor tympani
- Tensor veli palatini
21
Q
What Nerve is derived from 1st brachial arch
A
CN 52 and53
22
Q
Treacher collins syndrome is
A
1st-brachial arch neural crest fails to migrate causing mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities
23
Q
Cartilage of 2nd brachial arch (4)
A
- Stapes
- Syloid process
- Lesser horn of hyoid
- Sylohyoid
24
Q
Muscles of 2nd brachial arch (3)
A
- Stapedius
- Sylohyoid
- Platysma
25
Nerve of 2nd brachial arch
CN7
26
Congenital phayngo-cutaneous fistula is
Persistance of cleft and pouch due to 2nd brachial arch malformation
27
Muscles of 3rd brachial arch
Stylopharyngeus
28
Nerve of 3rd brachial arch
CN9
29
Ear, Tonsils, Bottom-to-top
Derivatives of Brachial pouch
* **Ear:** 1st
* **Tonsils:** 2nd
* **Bottom (inferior parathyroid):** 3rd
* **To (thymus):** 3rd
* **Top (superior parathyroid):** 4th
30
Infundibulopelvic ligament (**Suspensory ligament of the ovaries**) connects
Ovaries to lateral pelvic wall
31
Cardinal ligament connects
Cervix to side wall of pelivs
32
Round ligament of uterus connects
Uterine fundus to labia majora
33
Broad ligament connects
Uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall
34
Broad ligament contains (**3**)
1. Ovaries
2. Fallopian tubes
3. Round ligament of uterus
35
Sperm pathway
## Footnote
**SEVENUP**
* **S**eminiferous tubules
* **E**pididymis
* **V**as deferens
* **E**jaculatory duct
* **N**OTHING
* **U**rethra
* **P**enis
36
Estriol source
Placenta
37
Estrone source
Adipose tissue
38
LH in females acts on
Theca cells to converte cholesterol to andrones
39
FSH in females acts on
Granulosa cells to converte Andrones to Estrogen
40
Source of progesterone (**4**)
1. Corpus luteum
2. Placenta
3. Adrenal cortex
4. Testes
41
Defective androgen receptor lab results
Increase testosterone and increase LH
42
Testosterone-secreting tumor or exogenous steroids lab results
Increase testosterone
Decrease LH
43
Primary hyogonadism lab results
Decrease Testosterone
Increas LH
44
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism lab results
Decrease testosterone and LH
45
Severe increase in hCG seen in what type of mole
Complete
46
Fetal parts are seen in what type of mole
Partial
47
Placenta accreta is
Placenta attaches to myometrium
48
Placenta increta is
Placenta penetrates into myometrium
49
Placent percreta is
Placenta penetrates through the myometrium and into uterine serosa
50
Polyhdramnios associted with (**4**)
1. Fetal malformations:
1. Esophagel/dudodenal atresia
2. anencephaly
3. Inability to swallow amniotic fluid
2. Maternal diabetes
3. Fetal anemia
4. Multiple gestations
51
Oligohydramnios associated with (**4**)
1. Placental insufficiency
2. Bilateral renal agenesis
3. Posterior urtheral valves (in males)
4. Cant excrete urine
52
Oligohydramnios can cause
Potter sequence
53
Endometritis associated with
Retained products of conception following delivery
54
Endometritis treatment
Gentamicin and clindamycin with or without ampicillin
55
Endometrioma is
Mass arising from growth of ectopic endometrial tissue
56
Endometrioma presents with (**3**)
1. Pelvic pain
2. Dysmenorrhea
3. Dyspareunia
57
Brenner tumor on H&E
Coffee bean nuclei
58
Call-Exner bodies seen in
Granulosa cell tumor
59
What ovarian neoplasm has Psammoma bodies
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
60
Dysgerminoma tumor markers
hCG
LDH
61
Schiller-Duval bodies seen in
Yolk sac (**endodermal sinus**) tumor
62
Yolk sac tumor marker
AFP
63
Tumors found in the stroma of breat (**2**)
1. Fibroadenoma
2. Phyllodes tumor
64
Breast pathology that occur in major duct (**3**)
1. Fibrocystic change
2. DCIS
3. Invasive ductal carcinoma
65
Benign tumor in lactiferous ducts of breast
Intraductal papilloma
66
Treat acute mastitis with
Dicloxacillin
67
**S**ome **Dope** **D**rugs **E**asily **C**reate **A**wkward **H**airy **DD** **K**nockers reason for Gynecomastia
* **S**pironolactone
* **Dope**
* **D**igitalis
* **E**strogen
* **C**imetidine
* **A**lcohol
* **H**eroin
* **D**opamine
* **D**2 antagonist
* **K**etoconazole
68
Reinke crystals seen in
Leydig cells tumor
69
Leuprolide MOA (**2**)
1. GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion
2. GnRH analog with antagonist properties when used in continuous fashion
70
Clomiphene MOA
Antagonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus reventing normal feedback inhibition and increase release of LH and FSH from pituitary
71
Clomiphene used for
Treat infertility due to anovulation
72
Tamoxifen MOA (**2**)
1. Estrogen receptor antagonist on breast tissue
2. Estrogen receptor agonist on Uterus and Bone
73
Raloxifene MOA (**2**)
1. Estorgen receptor agonist on bone
2. Estrogen receptor antagonist at uterus
74
Aromatase inhibitors used in postmenopausal women with breast cancer (**2**)
1. Anastrozole
2. Exemestane
75
Mifepristone MOA
Competitive inhibitor of pregestins at progesterone receptors
76
Mifepristone used for
Termination of pregnancy
77
Mifepristone is administered with
Misoprostol (**PGE1**)
78
Terbutaline MOA
β2-agonist that relaxes the uterus used to decrease contraction frequency
79
Danazol MOA
Synthetic androgen that acts as partial agonist at androgen receptors
80
Danazol used for
Endometriosis and hereditary angioedema
81
Danazol toxicity (**7**)
1. Weight gain
2. Edema
3. Acne
4. Hirsutism
5. Masculinization
6. Decrease HDL
7. Hepatotoxicity
82
Finasteride MOA
5α-reductase inhibitor
83
Flutamide MOA
Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens used in prostate carcinoma
