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Renal Flashcards

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1
Q

Most common site of obstruction causing Hydronephrosis in fetus

A

Ureteropelvic junction

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2
Q

POTTER syndrome associated with

A
  1. Pulmonary hypoplasia
  2. Oligohydramnios
  3. Twisted face
  4. Twisted skin
  5. Extremity defects
  6. Renal failure in utero
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3
Q

Multicystic dysplastic kiney is due to

A

Abnormal interaction between ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme

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4
Q

Renal clearance C=

A

UV/P

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5
Q

GFR=

A

Uinulin x V/Pinulin = Cinulin

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6
Q

Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) estimated using

A

PAH

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7
Q

Filtration Fraction (FF) =

A

GFR / RPF

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8
Q

Affect of Prostaglandins on Afferent arterioles

A

Dilate

Increase RPF

Increase GFR

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9
Q

Angiotensin 2 affect on Efferent arterioles

A

Constrict

Decrease RPF

Increase GFR

Increase FF

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10
Q

Afferent arteriole constriction causes

A

Decrease RPF

Decrease GFR

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11
Q

Efferent arteriole constriction causes

A

Decrease RPF

Increase GFR

Increase FF

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12
Q

An increase in Plasma protein concentration causes

A

No change of RPF

Decrease GFR

Decrease FF

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13
Q

Decrease in Plasma protein concentration causes

A

no change on RPF

Increase GFR

Increase FF

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14
Q

Hartnup disease is

A

AR deficiency of Neutral Amino Acid (Tryptophan) transporters in PCT

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15
Q

Hartnup disease leads to

A

Pellagra-like:

Dermatitis

Diarrhea

Dementia

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16
Q

Fanconi syndrome is

A

Renal tubular defect that causes reabsorptive defect in PCT

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17
Q

Fanconi syndrome leads to

A
  1. Metabolic acidosis
  2. Wilson
  3. Ischemia
  4. Nephrotoxins
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18
Q

Bartter syndrome is

A

AR renal tubular defect causing reabsorptive defect in TAL

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19
Q

Bartter syndrome leads to (3)

A
  1. Hypokalemia
  2. Metabolic alkalosis
  3. Hypercalciuria
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20
Q

Gitelman syndrome is

A

AR renal tubular defect causing reabsorptive defect of NaCl in DCT

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21
Q

Gitelman syndrome leads to

A

Hypokalemia

Metabolic alkalosis

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22
Q

Liddle syndrome is

A

AD renal tubular defect causing an increased Na reabsorption in Distal and CT

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23
Q

Liddle syndrome leads to (4)

A
  1. HT
  2. Hypokalemia
  3. Metabolic alkalosis
  4. Decrease aldosterone
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24
Q

FABulous Glittering Liquid

A
  • FAnconi: PCT
  • Bartter: TAL AR
  • Gitelman: DCT AR
  • Liddle: CT AD
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25
What shifts K out of cell causing Hyperkalemia ## Footnote **DO Insulin LAβ**
* **D**igitalis * Hyper**O**smolarity * **I****nsulin** * **L**ysis of cells * **A**cidosis * **β**-adrenergic antagonist
26
Low serum Na cuases (**4**)
1. Nausea 2. Malaise 3. Stupor 4. Coma
27
High serum Na causes (**3**)
1. Irritability 2. Stupor 3. Coma
28
Low serum K causes (**4**)
1. U wave on EKG 2. Flattened T wave 3. Arrhythmia 4. Muscle weakness
29
High serum K causes (**4**)
1. Wide QRS 2. Peaked T wave 3. Arrhythmia 4. Muscle weakness
30
Low serum Ca causes (**3**)
1. Tetany 2. Seizures 3. QT prolongation
31
High serum Ca causes (**4**)
1. Stones 2. Bone pains 3. Abdominal pain 4. Anxiety, altered mental status
32
Low serum Mg causes (**2**)
1. Tetany 2. Torsades de pointes
33
High serum Mg causes (**6**)
1. Decrease DTR 2. Lethargy 3. Bradycardia 4. Hypotension 5. Cardiac arrest 6. Hypocalcemia
34
**MUDPILES** causes anion gab metabolic acidosis
* **M**ethanol * **U**remia * **D**iabetic Ketoacidosis * **P**ropylene glycol * **I**soniazid/**I**ron * **L**actic acidosis * **E**thylene glycol * **S**aliciate/**S**epsis
35
**HARD-ASS** causes nonanion gap Metabolic acidosis
* **H**ypercholerima * **A**ddison disease * **R**enal tubular acidosis * **D**iarrhea * **A**cetozolamide * **S**pironolactone * **S**aline infusion
36
FSGN LM
Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
37
FSGN EM
Effacement of foot process similar to Minimal change
38
FSGN associated with (**3**)
1. HIV 2. Sickle cell 3. Heroin abuse
39
Membranous GN LM
Diffuse capillary and GBM thickening
40
Membranous GN IF
Granular as a result of immune complex deposition
41
Nephrotic presentation of SLE presents as
Membranous GN
42
Membranous GN EM
Spike and dome with **Subepithelial** deposits
43
Membranous GN associated with (**3**)
1. SLD 2. AB to phospholipase A2 3. Tumors
44
Amyloidosis LM
Congo red stains with apple-green birefringence
45
MPGN1 IF
**Subendothelial** immune complex deposits with **Granular** IF
46
MPGN1 EM
Tram-track appearance
47
MPGN1 associated with
HBV HCV
48
MPGN2 Presents
Intramembranouse IC deposits ## Footnote **Dense deposits**
49
PSGN LM
Glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular
50
PSGN IF
1. **Starry sky** granular appearance 2. **Lumpy bumpy** due to IgG, IgM, and C3 deposition
51
PSGN EM
**Subepithelial** immune complex
52
PSGN associated with
Group A streptococcal infextion
53
Diffuse proliferative GN LM
Wire looping of capillaries
54
Diffuse proliferative GN EM
**Sebendothelial** and intramembranous IgG
55
Diffuse proliferative GN IF
Granular
56
Berger disease seen in
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
57
RCC originates from
PCT cells
58
RCC manifests clinically with (**6**)
1. Hematuria 2. Palpable mass 3. secondary Polycythemia 4. Flank pain 5. Fever 6. Weight loss
59
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) **WAGR**
* **W**ilms tumor * **A**niridia * **G**enitourinary malformation * **R**etardation
60
Transitional cell carcinoma of Bladder is **P**ee **SAC**
* **P**henacetin * **S**moking * **A**niline dyes * **C**yclophosphamide
61
Acute pyelonephritis presents with (**5**)
1. Dysuria 2. Fever 3. Costovertebral angle tenderness 4. Nausea 5. Vomiting
62
Thyroidization of kidney seen in
Chronic pyelonephritis
63
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is
Drug-induced interstitial nephritis
64
Key findings of ATN
Granular (**muddy brown**) casts
65
3 phases of ATN
1. Inciting event 2. Maintenance phase 1. Oliguric lasts 1-3 wks 2. Risk of Hyperkalemia 3. Metabolic acidosis 3. Recovery phase 1. Polyuric 2. BUN and serum creatinine fall 3. Hypokalemia
66
What causes nephrotoxic ATN (**6**)
1. MG 2. Radiocontrast agents 3. Lead 4. Cisplatin 5. Crush injury (**myoglobinuria**) 6. Hemoglobinuria
67
Renal Papillary necrosis associated with (**4**)
1. DM 2. Acute pyelonephritis 3. Chronic phenacetin use 4. Sickle cell anemia and trait
68
Consequence of renal failure ## Footnote **MAD HUNGER**
1. **M**etabolic **A**cidosis 2. **D**yslipidemia 3. **H**yperkalemia 4. **U**remia 5. **N**a and water retention 6. **G**rowth retardation 7. **E**PO faiulre causing anemia 8. **R**enal osteodystrophy
69
Acetazolamide MOA
CA-inhibitor Decrease total-body bicarb stores
70
Acetazolamide used for (**5**)
1. Glaucoma 2. Urinary alkalinization 3. Metabolic alkalosis 4. Altitude sickness 5. **Pseduotumore cerebri**
71
Acetazolamide toxicity (**3**)
1. Hypercholermic metabolic **acidosis** 2. Paresthesias 3. Sulfa allergy
72
Furosemide MA (**4**)
1. Loop diuretic 2. Inhibits cotransport system (**Na/K/2 Cl**) of **TAL** 3. Stimulates PGE release 4. Increase **Ca excretion**
73
Furosemide used for (**3**)
1. Edematous state 2. HT 3. HyperCa
74
Furosemide toxicity **OH DANG**
* **O**totoxicity * **H**ypokalemia * **D**ehydration * **A**llergy (**SULFA**) * **N**ephritis (**INTERSTITIAL**) * **G**out
75
Ethacrynic acid is
Loop diuretic that is NOT a sulfonamide
76
Thiazide clinical use (**5**)
1. HT 2. CHF 3. Idiopathic Hypercalciuria 4. Nephrogenic DI 5. Osteoporosis
77
Thiazide Toxicity (**7**)
1. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hyperglycemia 4. Hyperlipidiemia 5. Hyperuricemia 6. Hypercalcemia 7. Sulfa allergy

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