Behavior Science

Question 1

Cross-sectional study measures

Answer 1

Disease prevalence

Question 2

Case-control study measures

Answer 2

Odds Ratio

Question 3

Cohort study compares

Answer 3

a group with a given exposure or risk factor to a group without such exposure

Does exposure increase the likelihood of disease

Question 4

Cohort study measures

Answer 4

Relative risk

Question 5

Sensitivity (True-positive rate) =

Answer 5

TP/ (TP+FN)

Question 6

Sensitivity is SN-N-OUT

Answer 6

Highly SeNsitive test when Negative, rules OUT disease

Question 7

Specificity (True-negative rate) =

Answer 7

TN/ (TN+FP)

Question 8

Specificity is SP-P-IN

Answer 8

Highly SPecific test, when Positive, rules IN diease

Question 9

Positive predictive value =

Answer 9

TP/ (TP+FP)

Question 10

PPV is

Answer 10

Probability that person actually has the disease given a positive test result

Question 11

Negative predictive value=

Answer 11

TN/ (FN+TN)

Question 12

Odds ratio is

Answer 12

odds that the group with the dieases was exposed to a risk factor

Question 13

OR=

Answer 13

ad/bc

Question 14

RR=

Answer 14

[a/(a+b)] / [c/(c+d)]

Question 15

Attributable risk (AR)=

Answer 15

[a/(a+b)] - [c/(c+d)]

Question 16

Examples of selection bias

Answer 16

Berkson bias

Loss to follow up

Healthy worker and volunteer bias

Question 17

Berkson bias example

Answer 17

A study looking only at inpatients

Question 18

Hawthorne effect

Answer 18

Groups who know they are being studied behave differently than they would otherwise

Known as Measurement bias

Question 19

+/- 1 Standard deviation equals

Answer 19

68%

Question 20

+/- 2 Standard deviation equals

Answer 20

95%

Question 21

+/- 3 standard deviation equals

Answer 21

99.7%

Question 22

Positive skew means

Answer 22

Mean > Median > Mode

Peak shifts to the left

Question 23

Negative skew means

Answer 23

Mean < Median < Mode

Peak shifts to the right

Question 24

Type 1 error is

Answer 24

Stating that there is an effect or difference when none exists

Question 25

Type 2 error is

Answer 25

Stating that there is not an effect or difference when on exists

Question 26

t-test checks

Answer 26

difference between means of 2 groups

Question 27

ANOVA checks

Answer 27

difference between means of 3 or more groups

Question 28

Chi-square checks

Answer 28

difference between 2 or more percentages or proportions of categorical outcomes

Question 29

Surrogate decision maker priority

Answer 29

1. Spouse 2. Adult child 3. Parents 4. Adult siblings

Question 30

Motor characteristics of Infant

Answer 30

1. Primitive reflexes disappear 1. Moro (3 mon) 2. Rooting (4 mon) 3. Palmar (6 mon) 4. Babinski (12 mon) 2. Posture 1. Crawls (8 mon) 2. Stands (10 mon) 3. Walks (12-18 mon) 3. Picks 4. Points

Question 31

Social characteristics of infant

Answer 31

1. Social smile 2. Stranger anxiety (6 mon) 3. Separation anxiety (9 mon)

Question 32

Motor characteristics of toddler

Answer 32

1. Climbs stairs 2. Cubes staged 3. Cultured (20 mon) 4. Kicks ball (24 mon)

Question 33

Social characteristics of toddler

Answer 33

1. Recreation- parallel play 2. Rapprochement 3. Realization

Question 34

Presbycusis is due to

Answer 34

Destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base