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Respiratory Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

I Ate Ten Eggs At Twelve

A
  • I: IVC
  • Ate: T8
  • Ten: T10
  • Eggs: Esophagus
  • At: aorta
  • Twelve: T12
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2
Q

IRV is

A

Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration

From top of TV all the way up

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3
Q

ERV

A

Amount of air breathed out after passive exhale

From bottom of TV to top of RV

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4
Q

RV is

A

Air in lung after maximal expiration

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5
Q

IC is

A

IRV + TV

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6
Q

FRC is

A

RV + ERV

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7
Q

VC is

A

IRV + TV + ERV

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8
Q

Physiologic dead space equation

A

VT x [PaCO2 - PECO2] / PaCO2

<span><strong>T</strong>aco <strong>Pa</strong>co <strong>Pe</strong>co <strong>Pa</strong>co</span>

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9
Q

Right shift of Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve:

BAT ACE

A

INCREASE IN:

  • BPG
  • Altitude
  • Temperature
  • Acid
  • CO2
  • Exercise
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10
Q

O2 content =

A

(O2 binding capacity x % saturation) + dissolved O2

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11
Q

Perfusion limited gas (3)

A
  1. O2 (Normal health)
  2. CO2
  3. N2O
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12
Q

Diffusion limitied gas (2)

A
  1. O2 (emphysema, fibrosis)
  2. CO
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13
Q

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance =

A

Ppulm artery - PL atrium / CO

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14
Q

Alveolar gas equation =

A

PIo2 - [Paco2 / R]

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15
Q

Haldane effect

A

RBCs release CO2

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16
Q

Bohr effect

A

Unloading of O2

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17
Q

Most common cause of Rhinosinusitis (3)

A
  1. S. pneumonia
  2. H. influenzae
  3. M. catarrhalis
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18
Q

Homan sign is

A

Dorsiflexion of foot causing calf pain in DVT

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19
Q

Obstructive lung diseases (4)

A
  1. Chronic bronchitis
  2. Emphysema
  3. Asthma
  4. Bronchiectasis
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20
Q

Lab results in Obstructive Lung disease

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Increase RV
  • Decrease FVC
  • Drastic decrease in FEV
  • Decrease in FEV/FVC ration (HALLMARK)
21
Q

Restrictive lung disease lab results

Study These Flashcards
A

Decrease in all lung volumes

FEV/FVC ration is normal

22
Q

Types of Restrictive lung diseases (10)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. ARDS
  2. Hyaline membrane disease
  3. Pneumoconioses
  4. Sarcoidosis
  5. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  6. Goodpasture syndrome
  7. Wegener
  8. Langerhan cell histiocytosis
  9. Hypersensitive pneumonitis
  10. Drug toxicity
23
Q

Drug that can cause Restrictive lung disease (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Bleomycin
  2. Busulfan
  3. Amiodarone
  4. Methotrexate
24
Q

Caplan syndrome

Study These Flashcards
A

RA and pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules

25
What part of lung does asbestos affect
Base (lower lobe)
26
Silica and coal affect what part of lung
Upper lobes
27
Affect of silicosis on hilar LN
Eggshell calcification
28
ARDS caused by (**7**)
1. Trauma 2. Sepsis 3. Shock 4. Gastric aspiration 5. Uremia 6. Acute pancreatitis 7. Amniotic fluid embolism
29
Primary pulmonary HT due to mutation in
BMPR2 gene
30
Lung cancer **SPHERE** of complications
* **S**uperior vena cava syndrome * **P**ancoast tumor * **H**orner syndrome * **E**ndocrine (**paraneoplastic**) * **R**ecurrent laryngeal symptoms (**hoarsness**) * **E**ffusions (**pleural** and/or **pericardial**)
31
Adenocarcinoma mutation
1. k-ras 2. EGFR 3. ALK
32
Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs histology
Keratin pearls and intercellular bridges
33
Kulchitsky cells seen in
Small cell carcinoma of lungs
34
Organisms causing lobar pneumonia (**3**)
1. S. pneumoniae 2. Legionella (**also liver**) 3. Klebsiella
35
Organisms causing bronchopneumonia (**4**)
1. S. pneumoniae 2. S. aureus 3. H. influenzae 4. Klebsiella
36
Organisms causing interstitial (**atypical**) pneumonia (**4**)
1. Viruses 1. Influenza 2. RSV 3. Adenovirus 2. Mycoplasma 3. Legionella 4. Chlamydia
37
What causes transudates (**3**)
1. CHF 2. Nephrotic syndrome 3. Hepatic cirrhosis
38
First generation H1 Blockers (**3**)
1. Diphenhyd**ramine** 2. Dimenhyd**rinate** 3. Chlorpheni**ramine**
39
1st generation H1 blockers used for (**3**)
1. Allergy 2. Motion sickness 3. Sleep aid
40
2nd generation H1 blockers (**4**)
1. Lorat**adine** 2. Fexofen**adine** 3. Deslor**atadine** 4. Cetirizine
41
Dextromethorphan is
Synthetic codeine analog (**antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors**)
42
Theophylline is
Methylxanthine
43
Theophylline MOA
Causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase Increases cAMPT levels due to decrease cAMP hyrolysis
44
-lukast is
Antileukotriene that bocks leukotriene receptors Good for asprin induced asthma
45
Zileuton is
a 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
46
Omalizumab is
Monoclonal **anti-IgE antibody**
47
Omalizumab MOA
Blocks binding to FcεRI
48
Bosentan MOA
competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
49
Bosentan used to treat
Pulmonary arterial HT

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