Respiratory

Question 1

what is the inner most layer of the lungs?

Answer 1

ectoderm (forms skin and nervous system)

Question 2

when is enoderm made in fetus?

Answer 2

5 weeks of embryonic life

Question 3

lung function?

Answer 3

maintaining O2
-removal of CO2

Question 4

what is the body’s fuel for metabolism and waste product?

Answer 4

o2=fuel
co2=waste

Question 5

pathway entrance of air?

Answer 5

nose/mouth–>pharynx-larynx–>to lungs

Question 6

endoderm is?

Answer 6

the inner layer that forms the lining of the lungs

Question 7

what is another name for throat?

Answer 7

pharynx

Question 8

what is the voice box?

Answer 8

larynx

Question 9

how many lungs does the right lobe have?

Answer 9

3 (RUL,RML,RLL)

Question 10

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 10

2 lobes (LUL and LLL)

Question 11

what is the most important respiratory muscle?

Answer 11

diaphragm

Question 12

what is surfactant?

Answer 12

mucopolysaccharide lining (protein/carb) in lungs

Question 13

what is the function of surfactant?

Answer 13

increases alveolar surface tension—> lungs don’t collapse

Question 14

what makes surfactant?

Answer 14

Type 2 alveolar cells

Question 15

Atelectasis is?

Answer 15

collapsed lung

Question 16

what are cells that are called rubber bands?

Answer 16

pneumocytes or type 2 alveolar cells

Question 17

pharynx is shared with?

Answer 17

food and breathing

Question 18

trachea is made of?

Answer 18

Cartilage rings (c-shaped), can expand!
-not even

Question 19

trachea to bronchus connection is called?

Answer 19

carnina

Question 20

below the sternum but above the xiphoid process is called?

Answer 20

angle of louis

Question 21

left bronches is more?

Answer 21

curved

Question 22

right bronchus is more?

Answer 22

straight

Question 23

tubes inserted in airways must stop before?

Answer 23

carina

Question 24

what is bronchus (bronchi plural)?

Answer 24

big branches

Question 25

deadspace is?

Answer 25

the space where O2 is not being exchanged (everything but alveoli) -av. 150 ml

Question 26

alveoli are connected by?

Answer 26

pores of Kohn (helps with alveoli gets clogged) -connects other alveoli

Question 27

what cells are killed with smoking?

Answer 27

type 2 cells---> makes less surfactant

Question 28

what is air trapping?

Answer 28

the "rubber band" (type 2 cells) does expand and air stays in lungs -COPD pt have this

Question 29

what is the number one reason for COPD?

Answer 29

smoking

Question 30

heart has what receptors?

Answer 30

beta 1 and alpha

Question 31

the lungs have what receptor?

Answer 31

beta 2

Question 32

what are the two diseases that are considered COPD?

Answer 32

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 33

what is emphysema?

Answer 33

alveoli becomes damaged and overstretched -causes: air being trapped-> hard to exhale -leads to destruction of alveolar walls

Question 34

what is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 34

inflammation of the bronchi -S&S: cough, muscus

Question 35

bronchiectasis is?

Answer 35

disintegration of bronchi -leads to death and vent.

Question 36

what is cystic fibrosis

Answer 36

pancreas loses control --> enzymes of pancreas attacks lungs --> CASUES: leads to excess mucus (blocks airways and infection) --> affect mostly white ppl

Question 37

what are symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 37

couhging, lung infx, trouble gaining weight

Question 38

asthma is?

Answer 38

airway inflammation (allergic reaction)

Question 39

what is a common symptom of emphysema?

Answer 39

SOB