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CPPS 221 > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

paranasal sinuses (4)

A

-frontal sinus
-sphenoidal sinus
-maxiallry sinus
-ethmoidal sinuses

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2
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

superior nasal meatus

A

receives drainages from posterior ethmoidal sinuses

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3
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

middle nasals meatus

A

receives drainages from anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus

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4
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

inferior nasal meatus

A

receives drainages from nasolacriminal duct

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5
Q

nasal conchae- drainage

sphenoidal sinus drains into

A

sphene-ethmoidal recess (superior to superior conchae)

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6
Q

components of respiratory system

conducting division
Functions?

A

-provides passageway for air to move
-warms, humidifies and cleanses air

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7
Q

components of respiratory system

respiratory division

A

-provide site of gas exchange between lungs and blood

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8
Q

external nose anatomy
ala nasi

A

cartilaginous flap on lateral side of each nostril

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9
Q

external nose anatomy: dorm nasi

A

length of nose

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10
Q

external nose anatomy: root

A

region located between the eyebrows

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11
Q

internal structures of the nose: nasal septum

A

divides nasal cavity into left and right sides

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12
Q

internal structures of the nose: superior, middle and inferior conchae

A

three pairs of C-shaped bones extending laterally from the nasal septum

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13
Q

internal structure of the nose: meatuses

A

passageways surrounding the conchae for air flow

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14
Q

nasopharynx

A

-conduit for air only
-adenoids lie in posterior wall

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15
Q

oropharynx

A

-conduit for digestion and respiration
-tonsils found at the border

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16
Q

laryngopharynx

A

conduit for both air and food
-opens into larynx and esophagus

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17
Q

the pharynx

A

-connects the nose, mouth and throat
-digestive and repository systems share the pharynx

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18
Q

epiglottis

A

superior to glottis – during swallowing larynx elevated and epiglottis folds back over the glottis to prevent liquid and food from entering the respiratory passageways

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19
Q

larynx- 3 unpaired cartilages

A

-epiglottis
-thyroid
-circoid

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20
Q

thyroid (larynx)

A
  • largest forms anterior and lateral walls, incomplete posterior – anterior surface contains laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
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21
Q

circoid

A

ring shaped – attachment of laryngeal muscles and ligaments

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22
Q

3 paired cartilages (larynx)

A

-arytenoids
-corniculates
-cuneiforms

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23
Q

intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

A

bind all 9 cartilages together

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24
Q

extrinsic ligaments of larynx

A

attach thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage to trachea

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25
____ and _____ ligaments extend between thyroid cartilage and arytenoids
vestibular and vocal
26
vestibular (false) folds (inelastic) - project into ______ and cover vestibular and vocal ligaments
glottis
27
vocal fold (elastic) helps produce
sound
28
larynx has extrinsic and intrinsic muscles intrinsic function to
regulate tension in vocal folds and open and close the glottis
29
larynx has extrinsic and intrinsic muscles extrinsic muscles function to
connect larynx to other structures and move it during swallowing and speaking
30
the trachea extends from the _____ to its division into left and right bronchi
larynx
31
contains hyaline cartilage between ______
fibrous tissue ligaments
32
The _______ is a ridge of cartilage that senses solid or liquid substances and triggers violent coughing to expel them
carina
33
ciliated cells on the interior of trachea form the _______
mucociliary escalator
34
trachea is located anterior to
esophagus
35
trachea extends from larynx to
T5
36
trachea 16-20 incomplete horizontal rings of ______
hyaline cartilage
37
trachea ends by terminal bronchioles, commonly referred to as ______
bronchial tree
38
trachea branches at T5 giving rise to ______
left and right main bronchi
39
the main bronchus travel to and through the _______
hilum
40
the main bronchus is branched into _______
lobar (secondary)
41
the lobar bronchus is further divided into _____ and _____
superior and inferior lobar bronchi
42
lung pleura visceral pleura
tightly covers each lung
43
lung pleura parietal pleura
liens inner wall of thoracic cavity
44
pleural cavity
small space between the layers containing pleural fluid (secreted by mesothelial cells)
45
contents of the left lung hilum
pulmonary artery is superior to bronchus while pulmonary veins are located inferiorly
46
left lung contains
one oblique fissure 2 lobes: superior and inferior lingual cardiac notch cardiac impression
47
primary muscles of inhalation
external intercostals diaphragm
48
accessory inhalation muscles
sternocleidomastoid scalenes pectoralis minor serrates anterior
49
respiratory centres (3)
3 pairs of nuclei in the pons (2) and medulla (1)
50
hypothalamus controls the production of ____________ in the anterior lobe of the __________
hormones pituitary gland
51
Hypothalamus releases TRH – Thyrotropin-releasing hormone what is the function?
Regulates the thyroid and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary
52
parathyroid glands parathyroid cells monitor the concentration of _________ in blood
calcium ions
53
parathyroid glands when the calcium concentration drops below normal the parathyroid cells secrete __________
the parathyroid cells secrete PTH (parathyroid hormone)
54
parathyroid glands PTH increases blood levels of calcium by
stimulating osteoblasts to secrete a growth factor that binds to osteoclasts
55
tonsils (3)
-pharyngeal -palatine -lingual
56
tonsils contain lymphocytes that ________
remove pathogens that come in from air/food
57
functions of lymphatic system (3)
-drains excess interistial fluid -transports dietary lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood -protects against invasion through immune responses
58
functions of spleen removing _______ and other blood components through phagocytosis
abnormal blood cells
59
functions of spleen storing ______ recycled from the breakdown of red blood cells
iron
60
functions of spleen initiating immune responses by __________ in reposes to antigens in circulating blood
B cells and T cells
61
the spleen is located on the ________ along the _______ of the stomach
left side, along the lateral border of the stomach – largest lymphoid organ lies between the 9th and 11th ribs
62
spleen attaches to the lateral border of the stomach by
mesentery, the gastrosplenic ligament
63
thymus- lymphoid system posterior to the ______and in superior portion of _____
manubrium mediastinum
64
thoracic duct collects lymph ....
(clear fluid – carries cells that help fight infection) from both sides of body
65
thoracic duct drains into
Drain into venous system - back into circulatory system

CPPS 221 (16 decks)

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