Revision Powerpoint GI

Question 1

bloody diarrhoea, fragmented RBC’s, undercooked hamburgers, metallic green stool cultures?

Answer 1

E. coli 0157

Question 2

red macules on body on examination?

Answer 2

salmonella Typhi

Question 3

playing with turtles
undercooked chicken
stale chicken?

Answer 3

H. salmonella enterididis

Question 4

bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic mucosa with ulcerations on distal colon?

Answer 4

shigella dystenteria

Question 5

india
severe dehydration
watery (“rice water”) diarrhoea?

Answer 5

vibrio cholerae

Question 6

unpasteurised/raw milk

guillian barre syndrome?

Answer 6

campylobacter jejuni

Question 7

what are the symptoms of norovirus?

Answer 7

sudden explosive diarrhoea and vomiting

no blood

Question 8

what is proctitis?

Answer 8

disease affecting only yht rectum

Question 9

what is pancolitis?

Answer 9

disease involving whole olon

Question 10

UC can sometimes spread proximal to the ileocaecal valve, true or false?

Answer 10

false

Question 11

crypt abscesses in UC or crohns?

Answer 11

UC

Question 12

treatment for crohns?

Answer 12

immunosuppression
steroids
anti-TNF
surgery not curative and can result in short gut but is sometimes used

Question 13

treatment for UC?

Answer 13

5-ASA (mesalazine)
Corticosteroids
anti TNF
immunosuppresants
surgery

Question 14

prehepatic jaundice?

Answer 14

unconjugated bilirubin increased
conjugatd bilirubin = normal
AST/ALT = normal
ALP/GGT = normal

Question 15

Intrahepatic jaundice?

Answer 15

unconjugated bilirubin = increased
conjugated bilirubin = increased
AST/ALT = increased
ALP/GGT = normal

Question 16

posthepatic jaundice?

Answer 16

unconjugated bilirubin = normal
conjugated bilirubin = increased
AST/ALT = normal
ALP/GGT = increased

Question 17

how do conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin cause different symptoms?

Answer 17

unconjugated = normal urine and stool
conjugated = pale stools and dark urine

Question 18

normal urine and stools?

Answer 18

prehepatic

Question 19

dark urine, normal stools?

Answer 19

hepatic

Question 20

dark urine, pale stools?

Answer 20

post hepatic

Question 21

3 causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia?

Answer 21

haemolysis
impaired hepatic uptake (drugs, CCF)
impaired conjugation (gilbert’s syndrome)`

Question 22

2 causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia?

Answer 22

hepatocellular injury

cholestasis

Question 23

what is cholelithiasis?

Answer 23

gallstones

Question 24

diagnosis of gallstones?

Answer 24

ultrasound

dilation of the bile ducts

Question 25

cholecystitis and biliary colic present very similarly, what is the main difference between them?

Answer 25

cholecystitis has an inflammatory component (raised WCC)

Question 26

beaded appearance on ERCP?

Answer 26

PSC

Question 27

PSC treatment?

Answer 27

liver transplant is only cure

Question 28

chronic granulomatous inflammation of interlobular bile ducts?

Answer 28

PBC

Question 29

HBsAg?

Answer 29

always present in infection, either acute or chronic

Question 30

HBeAg?

Answer 30

hows hep virus is actively multiplying

Question 31

Anti-HBs?

Answer 31

immunity to hep B | either previously infected or vaccinated

Question 32

Anti-HBe?

Answer 32

immune system has responded against Hep B and virus is not replicating

Question 33

Anti-HBc?

Answer 33

infected with Hep B but does not provide any protection against infection

Question 34

HBV DNA?

Answer 34

amount of Hep B virus in bloodstream | indicates how actively virus is multiplying

Question 35

vesicular rash + weight loss?

Answer 35

coeliac disease

Question 36

pyoderma gangrenosum | erythema nodosum?

Answer 36

IBD

Question 37

14C breath test?

Answer 37

bacterial overgrowth

Question 38

Mallory's hyaline bodies?

Answer 38

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 39

onion skinning fibrosis | beading of bile ducts?

Answer 39

PSC

Question 40

Signet ring seen on biopsy?

Answer 40

Linitisplastica | diffuse stomach cancer

Question 41

thumb printing on X ray commonly at splenic flexure?

Answer 41

ischaemic colitis

Question 42

charcots triad?

Answer 42

fever jaundice abdo pain secondary to acute cholangitis

Question 43

causes of abdominal mass | A CHEMICAL

Answer 43

``` AAA crohns hernia enlarged organ malignancy intussusception Cyst or abscess appendicitis lymphadenopathy ```

Question 44

Causes of bowel obstruction? | BATH VIPS

Answer 44

``` bolus adhesions tumour hernia volvulus intussusception pseudo-obstruction stricture ```

Question 45

where is the virchows node and what does it suggest if enlarged?

Answer 45

supra-clavicular fossa | suggests gastric cancer

Question 46

colicky loin pain radiating to groin?

Answer 46

uretic colic

Question 47

what type of mouth disease do people with crohns get?

Answer 47

stomatitis gangrenosum

Question 48

iliac fossa pain, positive pregnancy test?

Answer 48

ectopic pregnancy

Question 49

asterixis (liver flap)?

Answer 49

encephalopathy

Question 50

leuconychia?

Answer 50

hypoalbuminaemia

Question 51

koilonychias?

Answer 51

iron deficiency anaemia (IDA)

Question 52

angular stomatitis?

Answer 52

IDA

Question 53

buccal pigmentation?

Answer 53

peutz-jeghers syndrome

Question 54

what is peutz-jaghers syndrome?

Answer 54

autosomal dominant | benign polyps in GI tract and hyperpigmentation on lips and oral mucosa

Question 55

glossitis?

Answer 55

B12 deficiency

Question 56

apthous ulceration?

Answer 56

crohns

Question 57

craggy hepatomegaly?

Answer 57

liver malignancy

Question 58

bronzed diabetic?

Answer 58

haemochromatosis