SAS5&6 - PART 2 Flashcards
Two types of helminths commonly infecting humans
NEMATODES or ROUNDWORMS
PLATYHELMINTHES or FLATWORMS
Measures to control infection
- KEEP NAILS SHORT
- KEEP HANDS CLEAN
- FREQUENT HAND WASHING
- SHOWER IN THE MORNING
- CHANGE AND LAUNDER UNDERGARMENTS, BED LINENS, AND PAJAMAS DAILY
- DISINFECT TOILET SEAT DAILY
- HAND WASHING AFTER USING THE BATHROOM
Tissue invading worms
TRICHINOSIS
FILARIASIS
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Caused by ingestion of the insisted larvae of the roundworm. Trichinella spiralis, in undercooked pork
TRICHINOSIS
Infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals by worm embryos, infected by insects
FILARIASIS
Infection by a fluke that is carried by a snail
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Pinworms, whipworms, threadworms, ascaris and hookworms. What kind is these
NEMATODES OR ROUNDWORMS
Cestodes (tapeworms) and flukes (schistomes)
PLATYHELMINTHES OR FLATWORMS
Anthelmintic drug to drug interaction
THEOPHYLLINE
ALBENDAZOLE with DEXAMETHASONE
ANTHELMINTICS includes
MEBENDAZOLE (VERMOX)
PYRANTEL (ANTIMINTH, PIN-RID, PIN-X, REESE’S PINWORM)
THIABENDAZOLE (MINTEZOL)
ALBENDAZOLE (ALBENZA)
PRAZIQUANTEL (BILTRICIDE)
Most commonly use of all of the anthelmintics
Effective against pinworms roundworms tapeworms and hookworms
Should not be used during pregnancy
MEBENDAZOLE
Ivermectin or
STROMECTOL
Oral drug effective against pinworms and roundworms
A single dose
Poorly absorbed excreted unchanged in the feces
PYRANTEL
Effective against the nematode that causes onchocerciasis or river blindness
Used to treat threadworm disease or strongyloidiasis
Readily absorbed from the gi tract; reaches plasma levels in 4 hours
Completely metabolized in the liver with a half-life of 16 hours; excreted through the feces
Should never be taken during pregnancy; use with caution during lactation
IVERMECTIN (STROMECTOL)
Very effective in the treatment of a wide number of schistosomes or flukes
Taken in a series of three doses at 4-6 hour interval
Has relatively few adverse effects
Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract; reaches peak plasma level within 1 to 3 hours
Metabolized in the liver with a half-life of 0.8 to 1.5 hours
Excreted primarily through the urine
PRAZIQUANTEL (BILTRICIDE)
Treats active lesions caused by pork tapeworm and cystic disease of the liver lungs and peritoneum caused by dog tapeworm
Serious adverse effects
Should be used only after causative worm is identified
Poorly absorbed from the gi tract; reaches peak levels in about 5 hours
metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted in the urine
Should not be used during pregnancy and lactation
ALBENDAZOLE (ALBENZA)
Treats roundworm hookworm and whipworm infection
Not the anthelmintic drug of choice ( not as effective more adverse effects)
Best drug for treatment of thread worm infection
Readily absorbed from the gi tract; reaches peak levels in 1 to 2 hours
Metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine
THIABENDAZOLE (MINTEZOL)
Available in the form of a chewable tablet
Few adverse effects
Not metabolized in the body; most is excreted unchanged in the feces
MEBENDAZOLE
Not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation
Safely not established for children aged less than 2 years
Adverse effects may include gi side effects and diarrhea
PYRANTEL
Side effects of anthelmintics
BLACK, TARRY STOOLS
CONVULSIONS
FEVER WITH OR WITHOUT CHILLS
LIGHT-COLORED STOOLS
NAUSEA AND VOMITING
