SAS5&6 - PART 2

Question 1

Two types of helminths commonly infecting humans

Answer 1

NEMATODES or ROUNDWORMS
PLATYHELMINTHES or FLATWORMS

Question 2

Measures to control infection

Answer 2

• KEEP NAILS SHORT
• KEEP HANDS CLEAN
• FREQUENT HAND WASHING
• SHOWER IN THE MORNING
• CHANGE AND LAUNDER UNDERGARMENTS, BED LINENS, AND PAJAMAS DAILY
• DISINFECT TOILET SEAT DAILY
• HAND WASHING AFTER USING THE BATHROOM

Question 3

Tissue invading worms

Answer 3

TRICHINOSIS
FILARIASIS
SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Question 4

Caused by ingestion of the insisted larvae of the roundworm. Trichinella spiralis, in undercooked pork

Answer 4

TRICHINOSIS

Question 5

Infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals by worm embryos, infected by insects

Answer 5

FILARIASIS

Question 6

Infection by a fluke that is carried by a snail

Answer 6

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Question 7

Pinworms, whipworms, threadworms, ascaris and hookworms. What kind is these

Answer 7

NEMATODES OR ROUNDWORMS

Question 8

Cestodes (tapeworms) and flukes (schistomes)

Answer 8

PLATYHELMINTHES OR FLATWORMS

Question 9

Anthelmintic drug to drug interaction

Answer 9

THEOPHYLLINE
ALBENDAZOLE with DEXAMETHASONE

Question 10

ANTHELMINTICS includes

Answer 10

MEBENDAZOLE (VERMOX)

PYRANTEL (ANTIMINTH, PIN-RID, PIN-X, REESE’S PINWORM)

THIABENDAZOLE (MINTEZOL)

ALBENDAZOLE (ALBENZA)

PRAZIQUANTEL (BILTRICIDE)

Question 11

Most commonly use of all of the anthelmintics
Effective against pinworms roundworms tapeworms and hookworms
Should not be used during pregnancy

Answer 11

MEBENDAZOLE

Question 12

Ivermectin or

Answer 12

STROMECTOL

Question 13

Oral drug effective against pinworms and roundworms
A single dose
Poorly absorbed excreted unchanged in the feces

Answer 13

PYRANTEL

Question 14

Effective against the nematode that causes onchocerciasis or river blindness

Used to treat threadworm disease or strongyloidiasis

Readily absorbed from the gi tract; reaches plasma levels in 4 hours

Completely metabolized in the liver with a half-life of 16 hours; excreted through the feces

Should never be taken during pregnancy; use with caution during lactation

Answer 14

IVERMECTIN (STROMECTOL)

Question 15

Very effective in the treatment of a wide number of schistosomes or flukes

Taken in a series of three doses at 4-6 hour interval

Has relatively few adverse effects

Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract; reaches peak plasma level within 1 to 3 hours

Metabolized in the liver with a half-life of 0.8 to 1.5 hours

Excreted primarily through the urine

Answer 15

PRAZIQUANTEL (BILTRICIDE)

Question 16

Treats active lesions caused by pork tapeworm and cystic disease of the liver lungs and peritoneum caused by dog tapeworm

Serious adverse effects

Should be used only after causative worm is identified

Poorly absorbed from the gi tract; reaches peak levels in about 5 hours

metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted in the urine

Should not be used during pregnancy and lactation

Answer 16

ALBENDAZOLE (ALBENZA)

Question 17

Treats roundworm hookworm and whipworm infection

Not the anthelmintic drug of choice ( not as effective more adverse effects)

Best drug for treatment of thread worm infection

Readily absorbed from the gi tract; reaches peak levels in 1 to 2 hours

Metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine

Answer 17

THIABENDAZOLE (MINTEZOL)

Question 18

Available in the form of a chewable tablet

Few adverse effects

Not metabolized in the body; most is excreted unchanged in the feces

Answer 18

MEBENDAZOLE

Question 19

Not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation

Safely not established for children aged less than 2 years

Adverse effects may include gi side effects and diarrhea

Answer 19

PYRANTEL

Question 20

Side effects of anthelmintics

Answer 20

BLACK, TARRY STOOLS
CONVULSIONS
FEVER WITH OR WITHOUT CHILLS
LIGHT-COLORED STOOLS
NAUSEA AND VOMITING