Flashcards in Session 2 - Histology of the kidney and nephron Deck (39)
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1
What is the kidney surrounded by?
• Renal capsule
• Perinephric fat
• Renal fascia
2
What are the two main layers of the kidney?
• Renal cortex
• Renal Medulla
3
Describe the sequential structure of the nephron
• Renal corpuscle
• Proxima convoluted tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule
4
What is the renal corpuscle made up of?
• Vascular pole - Afferent/efferent arterioles, glomerulus
• Urinary pole - Bowman's capsule
5
What structures make up the collecting system of the urinary system?
• Ureter
• Bladder
• Urethra
6
Name the two main structures found in the renal cortex
• Renal corpuscles
• Proximal convoluted tubules
7
Name the two structures which make up the renal corpuscle
• Bowman's capsule
• Glomerulus
8
In embryological terms, where is the primitive renal tubule derived from?
• The ureteric bud
9
What does the primordium of the true kidney eventually envelop?
Glomerulus
10
What is meant when we say that the glomerulus has a vascular pole
• Afferent and efferent arterioles
11
What is the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle?
• Bowman's capsule
12
What is the function of bowman's capsule?
• To produce ultrafiltrate of plasma
13
Outline the cellular structure of bowman's capsule's parietal and visceral layers
• Simple squamous epithelium
14
What is the filtration barrier of bowman's capsule produced by?
• Capillary endothelium and visceral layer of bowman's capsule
15
What is a podocyte?
• Modified epithelium which allow ultrafiltration
16
How is the parietal layer of bowman's capsule adapted to collect ultrefiltrate
• Forms a funnel to collect the ultrafiltrate which drains into the proximal convuluted tubule at the urinary pole
17
What type of capillary endothelium exists in the bowman's capsule
• Fenestrated
18
What does the investment of podocytes around capillary endothelium allow the formation of?
• Filtration slits, spaces between the podocyte processes (feet)
• Very leaky!
19
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
• Longest, most convoluted section of the tubule
• Point at which reabsorption begins
20
What is the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule?
• Simple cuboidal epithelium with pronounced brush border
21
What are the four parts of the loop of henle?
• Pars recta
• Thin descending limb
• Thin ascending limb
• Thick ascending limb
22
How are the parts of the loop of henle described?
• Basis of appearance/epithelial lining
23
Describe the route of the thin limb of the loop of henle
• Dips down into the medulla
24
Describe the cell type and what exactly occurs functionally in the thin descending part of the loop of henle
• Simple squamous epithelium
○ No active transport
○ Looks a lot like a small capillary but there are no red blood cells
○ No brush border
25
What is the cell type and what occurs functional in the thick ascending part of the loop of henle?
• Simple cuboidal epithelium
• Active transport
26
Where is the distal convoluted tubule found?
• Cortex, makes contact with its parent glomerulus
27
How does the epithelial lining of the thick ascending limb compare to the proximal convoluted tubule?
• No brush border
• Simple cuboidal
28
How does the DCT compare to the PCT?
• No brush border
• Larger lumen
29
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus consist of?
• The macula densa of distal convoluted tubule
• The juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole of glomerulus
• Extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacis cells)
30
What is the collecting duct a continuation of?
• Distal convoluted tubule
31
Where is the collecting duct found?
Cortical
32
What is the collecting duct similar in appearance to?
• Loop of henle
33
How does the collecting duct differ from the loop of henle?
• Lumen is larger and tends to be more irregular than circular
34
How do collection ducts for the renal pyramid empty?
• Into the renal papilla
35
Describe the smooth muscles of the ureter?
• Two layers for the first 2/3, 3 for the lower 1/3
36
What is the ureter lined by?
• Transitional epithelium
37
How many layers of muscle in the bladder?
• 3 layers
38
What is the epithelium of the bladder?
• Transitional
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