Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A
  • Supports and gives shape to the body
  • protects internal organs (ex. ribcage, pelvis, skull)
  • helps make movements possible when bones at movable joints are pulled by muscles
  • stores calcium - too much in the blood -> stored in bone, not enough calcium -> takes from bone
  • hematopoiesis - blood cell formation in red bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 shapes of bones

A
  • long bones (ex. femur, humerus)
  • short bones (ex. carpals- wrists)
  • flat bones (ex. skull)
  • sesamoid (ex. patella - knee cap)
  • irregular (vertebra)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anatomy of a long bone

A
  • Diaphysis (hollow shaft of hard, compact bone - main part of the bone)
  • Epiphysis (end of a bone, spongy bone that contains red bone marrow)
  • Metaphysis (cone like flared portion between end and shaft)
  • Epiphyseal line or plate growth plate where cartilage replaced by bone for bone growth in length. Line in adult bones and plate in children’s)
  • Articular cartilage (covers epiphyses and acts like a cushion)
  • Periosteum (outer layer of the bone, very hard)
  • Endosteum ( inner lining of the bone cavity)
  • Medullary cavity (hollow space in the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard bone, contains haversian systems for blood vessels, nerves and yellow bone marrow (mostly fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cancellous

A

Spongy/trabecular bone, spaces contain red bone marrow with elements for blood formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anatomy of a flat bone

A
  • Spongy (cancellous) bone layer sandwiched between two compact (hard) bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Yellow vs red bone marrow

A

Yellow - mostly fat, fills the hollow of the diaphysis
Red - rich with blood vessels and immature and mature blood cells; later in life replaced with yellow marrow . Hematopoiesis. Found in the cancellous bones of the epiphyses of long bones and flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is trabeculae?

A

Needlelike threads of bones surrounded by a network of open spaces (spongy, cancellous or trabecular bones). Usually found in epiphyses of bones and contains red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are osteons?

A

Structural units of hard bones/compact bones. Calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings called Concentric lamella. Bone cells are called osteocytes and are found inside spaces called lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cartilage

A
  • Cell type called chondrocyte

- Matrix is gel-like and lacks blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Replacement of cartilage with bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Produce immature bony tissue that replaces cartilage (BUILDS BONES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Reabsorb or digest bone (remodels bone) (BREAKS DOWN BONE/COLLAPSE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Nourishes and maintains bone. Bone cells (inactive osteoblast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ossification?

A

The process of of depositing and tearing down bone throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Calcium

A
  • The skeleton is a source of calcium.
  • Proper formation of bone depends on sources, phosphorus and vitamin D
  • Calcium is necessary for nerve transmittal to muscle, including heart muscle and muscles attached to bones
17
Q

What does the parathyroid gland do in bone formation? What does the thyroid gland do?

A

Parathyroid - secretes a hormone to release calcium from bone.
Thyroid - decreases blood calcium and stores it in blood and stores it in bone

18
Q

What is a bone process?

A

Serves as attachments for muscles, tendons and ligaments

19
Q

What are depressions?

A

Openings or hollow regions help join bones or serve as passageways for nerves and/or vessels

20
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?

A
  • Axial skeleton (skull, spine, thorax and hyoid bone)

- Appendicular skeleton (upper extremities and lower extremities)

21
Q

What are sinuses?

A

Air cavities located in facial and cranial bones lighten the skull and warm and moisten the air as it passes into the respiratory system

22
Q

What are vertebrae?

A
  • 26 bone segments from base of skull to tailbone in 5 divisions and separated by pads of cartilage called intervertebral disks
  • Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccyx
23
Q

What bones are in the thorax?

A
  • Clavicle (collarbone)
  • Scapula (shoulder)
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
24
Q

What bones are in the arm and hands?

A
  • Humerus
  • Ulna
  • Radius
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
25
Q

What bones are in the pelvis?

A
  • pelvic girdle of coral bone
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
26
Q

What are true ribs? What are false ribs?

A

True ribs have their own piece of cartilage (7 pairs)

Five pairs of false ribs (sharing cartilage) where 2 are called floaters because they are not attached to cartilage

27
Q

Bones of the leg, foot and associated structures

A
  • Femur (thigh bone)
  • Patella (knee cap)
  • Tibia (large lower leg bone - most weight bearing)
  • Fibula (small lower leg bone)
  • Tarsals (ankle bones)
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
28
Q

Bones of the hands

A
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
29
Q

Difference between a man and woman’s skeleton

A
  • size - male skeletons are generally larger
  • shape of pelvis - male pelvis is deep and narrow, woman’s is broad and shallow
  • size of pelvic inlet - female pelvic inlet is generally wider so baby’s head can pass through
  • pubic ange - angle between pubic bones of female generally wider
30
Q

What are exostosis?

A

Bony growth on the surface of bone. Bunion is an example (base of big toe)

31
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone. Porous bones.

32
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine “hunchback or humpback”. can be caused by osteoporosis

33
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine. “swayback”. with pregnancy, some women can experience this

34
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. most common spine deformity in adolescent girls

Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions